Diversidad y biomasa de macro-invertebrados en matrices intermareales del tunicado Pyura praeputialis (Heller, 1878) en la Bahía de Antofagasta, Chile

Cerda, Mauricio; Castilla, Juan Carlos

doi:10.4067/s0716-078x2001000400011

Cited by 40 publications

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“…m -2 , . Cerda & Castilla (2001) reported that the macro-invertebrate diversity of species (96 taxa) inhabiting the P. praeputialis matrices is one of the highest values reported for the mid-intertidal zone in this geographical area. Nevertheless, the study did not incorporate mid-intertidal macro-algae, which are known to be important components of species diversity in northern Chile (Camus & Lagos 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The optimum plot size for sampling macro-invertebrates in the Pyura praeputialis matrices was estimated as a 35 × 35 cm (0.1225 m 2 ) quadrant, with 4 replicates per site (Cerda & Castilla 2001). To sample the P. praeputialis matrices we used the following procedure: (1) a 35 × 35 × 35 cm iron cube was randomly placed on top of the Pyura matrix, at the height of the mid-intertidal fringe (100% cover in all cases) approximately 1 m above the lower intertidal limit of P. praeputialis belt (Castilla 1998, Cerda & Castilla 2001, (2) the cube was hammered into the Pyura matrix until reaching the underlying rock, (3) individual P. praeputialis were carefully removed using iron chisels, (4) all macro-invertebrates and macro-algae (larger than 5 mm) found inside the P. praeputialis clumps were collected, (5) the removed P. praeputialis clumps were stored in plastic bags, transported to the laboratory and kept at -18°C, (6) each clump was separated into P. praeputialis individuals, and invertebrates and algae found in or on the tunicate where collected, (7) residual material (i.e. sand, gravel, and broken shells) generated during the sorting was separated out using 500 µm plastic sieves, and remaining invertebrates were collected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the sea: corals, macro-algae, mussels, ascidians), and may be part of biological mechanisms maintaining high species richness at local, seascape (Roff et al 2003), and regional scales (Tokeshi & Romero 1995, Crooks 1998, Crooks & Khim 1999, Cerda & Castilla 2001, Thiel & Ullrich 2002. According to Jones et al (1994), the largest effects of engineering may be attributable to species with large per capita impacts, which live in high densities, generate structures that persist for long periods and modulate the distribution and use of resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine ecosystem engineering by the alien ascidian Pyura praeputialis on a mid-intertidal rocky shore

Castilla¹,

Lagos²,

Cerda³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

161

126

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Engineer species transform ecosystems due to their own growth, constitute an integral part of altered environments, and provide new habitats for other species, thus affecting biodiversity and the ecosystem. On rocky shores inside Antofagasta Bay (Northern Chile), the alien ascidian Pyura praeputialis, an engineer species, creates broad belts and dense 3-dimensional matrices that modify the intertidal habitat structure. In all, 116 species of macro-invertebrates and algae inhabit this habitat, compared with the 66 species inhabiting adjacent intertidal rocky shores which lack P. praeputialis. Of the 145 species recorded at the seascape scale (encompassing both mid-intertidal habitat), 55% were found exclusively in intertidal P. praeputialis matrices. Along the coastal gradient, patterns in β-diversity emerge due to the addition of a new set of species to the community inhabiting the P. praeputialis matrices and, to a lesser extent, from spatial turnover. We found differences in the shape of the species frequency distribution between the communities inhabiting the engineered and non-engineered mid-intertidal habitats. However, within the same habitat type, there was no difference in the species frequency distribution between functional groups. Occurrence of macro-algae was not affected by habitat type, but occurence of macro-invertebrates increased significantly in P. praeputialis matrices. P. praeputialis increases species richness at local and seascape scales by providing a novel mid-intertidal habitat which is used by mobile and vagile macro-invertebrates that otherwise would remain excluded from this intertidal level.KEY WORDS: Pyura praeputialis matrices · Ecosystem engineer · Intertidal seascapes · α-and β-diversity · Species frequency distribution · Northern ChileResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine ecosystem engineering by the alien ascidian Pyura praeputialis on a mid-intertidal rocky shore

Castilla¹,

Lagos²,

Cerda³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

161

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Such organisms are responsible for the increasing of the superficial tridimensionality of the experimental modules, increasing the habitat complexity and thus, favoring the fish species which use the structures as shelters. These organisms that form new habitats ("engineering species") change the initially flat surface into a complex and threedimensional structure and transform the environment through their own growth (Fernandez et al, 2000;Cerda & Castilla, 2001;Castilla & Cerda, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural complexity caused by dead or live "engineering species" transforms the environment through their own growth. Such organisms promote the formation of new habitats for other species, changing the initially flat surface into a complex and heterogeneous system, favoring the settling of new species (Fernandez et al, 2000;Ferreira et al, 2001;Cerda & Castilla, 2001;Castilla & Cerda, 2004). Biofouling also acts in energy transference from the reef complex to the associated fish, as available feeding items (Relini et al, 2002;Ferreira et al, 2004;Osman & Whitlatch, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional role of fouling community on an artificial reef at the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2006

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A B S T R A C TThe northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State lacks natural consolidate substrates, making it a proper environment to the development of researches using artificial structures. After studies about the type of substrate, concrete seems to be the most appropriate for studying fouling community development. This research was carried out to investigate the functional role of biofouling in the development of the ichthyic community in the north of Rio de Janeiro State. Percentage data of the epibenthic organisms' coverage and samples of the fish community with gillnet and visual census showed that biofouling in artificial reefs might have more than one functional role, acting as a facilitator in the recruitment of fish species and as a link in the trophic marine chain. Through the increase of localized structural complexity provided by the reef itself and by the fouling organisms which act as "engineering species", additional protection options are offered to the ichthyic community, especially recruits. Also, the epibiont biomass represents an important link in the food web, acting either as a direct source or in the transference of energy to higher trophic levels. Through the relationship between the ichthyic and fouling communities we concluded that the functional role of the latter in artificial reef habitats could be characterized mainly as shelter and feeding grounds for few fish species. R E S U M OO litoral norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro possui uma escassez de substrato consolidado natural tornando o ambiente propício para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas com estruturas artificiais. Após estudos conclusivos sobre o tipo de substrato, o concreto parece ser o mais apropriado para o desenvolvimento da comunidade incrustante. Novas pesquisas foram realizadas para investigar o papel funcional da bioincrustação no desenvolvimento da comunidade íctica no norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Dados de porcentagem de cobertura dos organismos epibênticos e amostragens da comunidade nectônica com rede de espera e censo visual, evidenciaram que a bioincrustação em recifes artificiais pode assumir mais de um papel funcional, como facilitadora no recrutamento de espécies de peixes e como elo na cadeia trófica marinha. Através do incremento da complexidade estrutural fornecida pelo próprio recife e pelos organismos incrustantes que atuam como "espécies engenheiras", opções adicionais de proteção são oferecidas para a comunidade íctica, principalmente recrutas. Além disso, a biomassa epibionte representa um importante elo na cadeia alimentar, atuando como fonte direta de alimento e/ou transferência de energia para níveis tróficos superiores. Através da relação entre as comunidades íctica e incrustante, conclui-se que o papel funcional desta última em habitats recifais artificiais caracteriza-se principalmente como abrigo e para algumas espécies também como alimentação.

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Down under the southeastern Pacific: marine non-indigenous species in Chile

et al. 2005

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This article presents the first compilation of marine non-indigenous species (NIS) of algae and macroinvertebrates invading Chilean waters. A total of 32 cosmopolitan and non-cosmopolitan species are reported. Among them there are six species considered as extending their southern range of distribution in connection with El Nin˜o events. The article highlights negative and positive impacts caused by marine NIS invasions. Among the first are Codium fragile var. tomentosoide, considered as a pest in Gracilaria chilensis aquaculture facilities in northern Chile, and Ciona intestinalis, a pest in scallop aquaculture installations. Among the second are bio-engineers species, such as the ascidian Pyura praeputialis and the sea grass Heterozostera tasmanica, which have caused an increase in local biodiversity and enhancement of nursery grounds via the creation of new habitats. Further more, invaders such as the algae Mastocarpus papillosus, Porphyra linearis and P. pseudolinearis represent new exploitable resources, extracted by coastal food gatherers along the coast (M. papillosus) or potential species to develop aquaculture. Additional information is presented on the anemone Anemonia alicemartinae, which appears to be a native species (?), having shown in the past 40-50 years, a geographical southward range extension of approximately 1900 km. The number of NIS reported for Chile is compared with those published for the southwestern Atlantic, South Africa, North America (Atlantic and Pacific coasts) and New Zealand. It is suggested that probably the low number of Chilean NIS is due to the fact that the Chilean coasts are environmentally less stressed than other coasts in the world, due to the scarcity of estuaries, gulfs, enclosed bays, lagoons and low human populations. These kinds of sheltered areas have been suggested as centers for bio-invasions, due to the high rate of human-mediated transfer and increase of pollutants. Furthermore, none of NIS reported from Chile show a fast geographical expansion rate (exception of A. alicemartinae), nor invading strategies such as those described for marine NIS in other latitudes, where notorious ecological unbalances following invasions have been observed. An alternative hypothesis is that the low number of marine NIS invading Chile is underestimated, since the modern list of species generated through specific taxonomically intensive port and harbor surveys is still lacking. Fifteen Biological Invasions (2005) 7: 213-232 Ó Springer 2005 species (five invertebrate and 10 fish) have been deliberately imported to Chile for aquaculture. The invertebrates appear to be controlled within aquaculture facilities and have not established naturalized populations or caused direct ecological impacts on local communities. On the contrary, several millions of salmoniforms (and rainbow trout) have escaped from farming facilities in southern Chile and established naturalized populations. Studies on ecological impacts are lacking. These escapees are also playing a role in the enhancement of ar...

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Diversidad y biomasa de macro-invertebrados en matrices intermareales del tunicado Pyura praeputialis (Heller, 1878) en la Bahía de Antofagasta, Chile

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Marine ecosystem engineering by the alien ascidian Pyura praeputialis on a mid-intertidal rocky shore

Marine ecosystem engineering by the alien ascidian Pyura praeputialis on a mid-intertidal rocky shore

Functional role of fouling community on an artificial reef at the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Down under the southeastern Pacific: marine non-indigenous species in Chile

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