Diversity Among a Wide Asian Collection of Bitter Gourd Landraces and their Genetic Relationships with Commercial Hybrid Cultivars

Dhillon, N.S.; Sanguansil, Supannika; Schafleitner, Roland; Wang, Yen-Wei; McCreight, James D.

doi:10.21273/jashs03748-16

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…BG is an important cash crop and its current seed market in Asia is worth 16 million Euros (Dhillon et al, 2016). It is mainly cultivated by smallholder farmers in Asia, where CPM is major cucurbit production constraint in the field as well as glasshouse production systems (Lebeda et al, 2010); the adoption of CPM-resistant BG cultivars will enhance the profitability of the farmers while reducing numbers and frequency of chemical control and potential adverse environmental effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Resistance to Cucurbit Powdery Mildew in Bitter Gourd

Dhillon¹,

Sanguansil²,

Srimat³

et al. 2019

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Additional index words. Momordica charantia, Podosphaera xanthii, race-specific resistance, allelic and non-allelic resistance Abstract. Cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii (Px) is an economically important disease of bitter gourd (BG; Momordica charantia) in Asia. Highlevel resistance to CPM is known in various BG accessions that have been used to develop BG breeding lines that originated in different countries. BG breeding lines THMC 113 (Belize), THMC 143 (India), THMC 153 (Thailand), THMC 167 (India), and THMC 170 (Taiwan) possess high-level resistance to BG Px race (BG-CPM), designated Mc-1 from a field at Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand, whereas THMC 144 (India) is susceptible. Our objective was to determine the inheritance of resistance to BG-CPM race Mc-1. To that end, THMC 144 (India) was crossed with the five resistant lines. The parents and their respective F 1 , F 2 , backcross progenies were evaluated for BG-CPM disease severity in inoculated field and growth chamber tests. Resistance to BG-CPM race Mc-1 in the five resistant lines was controlled by at least two independent, recessive genes. Intercrosses of the BG-CPM-resistant lines revealed allelic resistances in four of the breeding lines: THMC 113, THMC 153, THMC 167, and THMC 170. Resistance in THMC 143 was clearly non-allelic for resistance to BG-CPM with the other four BG-CPM-resistant lines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Resistance to Cucurbit Powdery Mildew in Bitter Gourd

Dhillon¹,

Sanguansil²,

Srimat³

et al. 2019

horts

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“…South Asians like highly bitter fruit with smaller size (although still larger than wild accessions) and spiny and dark green features. Southeast Asians like less bitter fruit with light green (or white) and smooth skin pattern (Dhillon et al 2016). Considerable phenotypic variations therefore exist for M. charantia cultivars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of them are categorical and graded data (Supplementary Table 3). The estimation method of the phenotypes had been reported in a previous study (Dhillon et al 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have investigated the patterns of genetic variation of M. charantia : Five clusters were identified in the collection of India cultivars (Gaikwad et al 2008), and three clusters were found using accessions from east and southeast Asia and 160 SSR markers (Saxena et al 2015). The most recent study, using 50 SSR markers and 114 accessions, identified three major subgroups: India, Philippines, and Thailand (Dhillon et al 2016). However, all population genetics study available to date used low-density markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-read bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) genome and the genomic architecture of domestication

Matsumura

Hsiao

Toyoda

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a vegetable and medicinal plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. Here we report a chromosome-level assembly, with highest contig N50 (close to 10 Mb) and proportion of sequences placed on chromosomes (96%) in Cucurbitaceae. Population resequencing revealed the divergence between wild and cultivars at about 6000 years ago. Different cultivar groups have distinct allelic compositions in loci associated with domestication traits, suggesting phenotypic changes were achieved by allele frequency shifts in independent loci. Noticeably, one candidate locus for fruit size locates within a region missing from a recent Illumina-based assembly. Despite breeding efforts to increase female flower proportion, the gynoecy locus exhibits high variation within and low differentiation between wild and cultivar groups, likely because artificial directional selection could not overwhelm natural balancing selection. Our study provides resources to further investigate the genetic architecture of bitter gourd as well highlights the importance of a well-assembled genome.

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“…To achieve quick gains and meet continuous farmer and market demands for new products, cucurbit breeders have often resorted to deriving lines by inbreeding a few elite F 1 hybrids and using this recycled germplasm to generate new hybrids. This practice has led to reduced genetic diversity among commercial cultivars of these gourds [4] and pumpkins, which has rendered these crops vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses and limited the potential for long-term yield improvements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Cucurbit Breeding and Production in Asia Using Public–Private Partnerships by the World Vegetable Center

et al. 2020

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The mission of the World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg) is research and development to realize the potential of vegetables for healthier lives and more resilient livelihoods. WorldVeg operates across Asia and Africa, and its breeding portfolio comprises global as well as traditional vegetables. Cucurbit crops make an important contribution to global food and nutrition security and are economically important to smallholder farmers in Asia, who account for 83% of global cucurbit production. The global cucurbit breeding program of WorldVeg focuses on four species: bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), tropical pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula), and sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica syn. L. aegyptiaca). Improved cultivars have been developed by the private seed industry, however, repeated recycling of lines derived from elite hybrids has narrowed the genetic base and reduced genetic gains for yield and other key traits. This trend will continue unless a concerted effort is made to introduce new genetic variability into elite hybrids. WorldVeg has organized a breeding consortium with seed companies to facilitate access to the Center’s new breeding lines derived from hitherto unexploited landraces to develop genetically diverse, improved cucurbit cultivars with enhanced yield and resistance to major diseases. Through this partnership, WorldVeg presents its improved lines and F1 hybrids at Crop Field Days for selection by private seed industry staff engaged in breeding, product development, and sales and marketing.

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Diversity Among a Wide Asian Collection of Bitter Gourd Landraces and their Genetic Relationships with Commercial Hybrid Cultivars

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Inheritance of Resistance to Cucurbit Powdery Mildew in Bitter Gourd

Inheritance of Resistance to Cucurbit Powdery Mildew in Bitter Gourd

Long-read bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) genome and the genomic architecture of domestication

Sustainable Cucurbit Breeding and Production in Asia Using Public–Private Partnerships by the World Vegetable Center

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