Ha.lo.ar'cu.la. Gr. n.
hals, halos
salt; L. fem. n.
arcula
small box; N.L. fem. n.
Haloarcula
salt (‐requiring) small box.
Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Haloarculaceae / Haloarcula
The genus
Haloarcula
is classified within the family
Haloarculaceae
and the order
Halobacteriales
, in the class
Halobacteria
. The cells are rods to pleomorphic (triangles, squares, and irregular disks) and stain Gram‐negative. Colonies are red to red‐orange or red‐pink pigmented. They are neutrophilic (optimal growth at pH 7.0–7.5) and extremely halophilic Archaea, growing in media containing 1.7–5.2 M NaCl. Polar lipids include phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS), and characteristically the glycolipid glucosyl–mannosyl–glucosyl diether (TGD‐2). The DNA G + C range is 60.1–65 mol%. Currently, the genus includes nine species:
Haloarcula vallismortis
(type species of the genus),
Haloarcula amylolytica
,
Haloarcula argentinensis
,
Haloarcula hispanica
,
Haloarcula japonica
,
Haloarcula marismortui
,
Haloarcula quadrata
,
Haloarcula salaria
, and
Haloarcula tradensis
. The strains of these species were isolated from salt lakes, salterns, saline soils, and salt samples.
DNA G
+
C content (mol
%
)
: 60.1–65 (the DNA may contain a major and a minor component).
Type species
:
Haloarcula vallismortis
(Gonzalez, Gutierrez and Ramirez 1978) Torreblanca, Rodriguez‐Valera, Juez, Ventosa, Kamekura and Kates 1986b, 573
VP
(Effective publication: Torreblanca, Rodriguez‐Valera, Juez, Ventosa, Kamekura and Kates 1986a, 98; basonym:
Halobacterium vallismortis
Gonzalez, Gutierrez and Ramirez 1978, 710).