Diversity and Distribution of Floral Scent

Knudsen, Jette T.; Eriksson, Roger; Gershenzon, Jonathan; Ståhl, Bertil

doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2006)72[1:dadofs]2.0.co;2

Cited by 1,202 publications

(1,207 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…As aldoxime intermediates were not found to accumulate in the plant, it was proposed that they are channeled through a large protein complex called a metabolon (Møller and Conn, 1980;Møller, 2010). This mechanism prevents the release of putative toxic and reactive intermediates (Grootwassink et al, 1990;Møller, 2010) Besides their role as intermediates in the formation of direct defenses, aldoximes have also been reported to be released as volatiles from a large number of different plant species (Knudsen et al, 2006). The flowers of many moth-pollinated, night-blooming plants like evening primroses (Oenothera spp), wild tobacco (Nicotiana spp), and orchids are reported to emit aliphatic and aromatic volatile aldoximes, which are considered to function as specific attractants for pollinators (Kaiser, 1993;Raguso, 2008;Vergara et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Herbivore-Induced Cytochrome P450 Enzymes CYP79D6 and CYP79D7 Catalyze the Formation of Volatile Aldoximes Involved in Poplar Defense

et al. 2013

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Aldoximes are known as floral and vegetative plant volatiles but also as biosynthetic intermediates for other plant defense compounds. While the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) from the CYP79 family forming aldoximes as biosynthetic intermediates have been intensively studied, little is known about the enzymology of volatile aldoxime formation. We characterized two P450 enzymes, CYP79D6v3 and CYP79D7v2, which are involved in herbivore-induced aldoxime formation in western balsam poplar (Populus trichocarpa). Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that both enzymes produce a mixture of different aldoximes. Knockdown lines of CYP79D6/7 in gray poplar (Populus 3 canescens) exhibited a decreased emission of aldoximes, nitriles, and alcohols, emphasizing that the CYP79s catalyze the first step in the formation of a complex volatile blend. Aldoxime emission was found to be restricted to herbivore-damaged leaves and is closely correlated with CYP79D6 and CYP79D7 gene expression. The semi-volatile phenylacetaldoxime decreased survival and weight gain of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) caterpillars, suggesting that aldoximes may be involved in direct defense. The wide distribution of volatile aldoximes throughout the plant kingdom and the presence of CYP79 genes in all sequenced genomes of angiosperms suggest that volatile formation mediated by CYP79s is a general phenomenon in the plant kingdom.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Herbivore-Induced Cytochrome P450 Enzymes CYP79D6 and CYP79D7 Catalyze the Formation of Volatile Aldoximes Involved in Poplar Defense

et al. 2013

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“…1,2) They are emitted from the whole or parts of the flowers, e.g., petals and stamens. Compared with other secondary metabolites, floral scent compounds are characterized by their relatively high vapor pressures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature on the Floral Scent Emission and Endogenous Volatile Profile ofPetunia axillaris

Sagae

Oyama-Okubo

Ando

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Possible mechanisms behind this increase in attraction are changes to the volatile profile of the host by feeding or inoculation with microorganisms, which however would contrast with the seeming lack of importance of such changes during the mating season. Field testing of synthetic female-unique compounds established that phenylacetaldehyde (PAA), a common constituent of flower volatiles (reviewed in Knudsen et al 2006), was highly attractive to males (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No pheromones have been described for scarab species of the subfamily Cetoniinae, but other scarab species exhibit considerable diversity in pheromone semiochemistry, and several small aromatic compounds have been identified as pheromone components (e.g., phenol, anisole, and methyl benzoate) (reviewed in Leal 1998). On the other hand, some scarab attractants have been found in flowers (Knudsen et al 2006), and the use of plant volatiles, including PAA (Honda 1980;Bellas and Hölldobler 1985), as attractants with pheromones has been observed in several insects (Boch and Shearer 1962;Baker 1989;Eller et al 1994;Hassanali et al 2005;Bartelt et al 2009;Kim et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pheromone-based Mating and Aggregation in the Sorghum Chafer, Pachnoda interrupta

et al. 2010

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Adults of the sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta Olivier (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), form aggregations during the mating period in July, but also in October. The beetles aggregate on food sources, e.g., Acacia spp. trees or sorghum with ripe seeds, to feed and mate. During the mating season, field trapping experiments with live beetles as bait demonstrated attraction of males to unmated females, but not to mated females or males, indicating the presence of a female-emitted sex pheromone. Unmated females combined with banana (food source) attracted significantly more males and females than did unmated females alone. Other combinations of beetles with banana were not more attractive than banana alone. Thus, aggregation behavior appears to be guided by a combination of pheromone and host volatiles. Females and males were extracted with hexane during the mating period, and the extracts were compared by using GC-MS. In a field trapping experiment, 19 compounds found only in females were tested, both singly and in a mixture. Traps baited with one of the female-associated compounds, phenylacetaldehyde, caught significantly more beetles than any other treatment. However, the sex ratio of beetles caught in these traps did not differ from that of control traps and it is possible that other components may be involved in the sex pheromone signal. Furthermore, traps baited with a mixture of all 19 compounds attracted significantly fewer beetles than did phenylacetaldehyde alone.

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Diversity and Distribution of Floral Scent

Cited by 1,202 publications

References 70 publications

Two Herbivore-Induced Cytochrome P450 Enzymes CYP79D6 and CYP79D7 Catalyze the Formation of Volatile Aldoximes Involved in Poplar Defense

Two Herbivore-Induced Cytochrome P450 Enzymes CYP79D6 and CYP79D7 Catalyze the Formation of Volatile Aldoximes Involved in Poplar Defense

Effect of Temperature on the Floral Scent Emission and Endogenous Volatile Profile ofPetunia axillaris

Pheromone-based Mating and Aggregation in the Sorghum Chafer, Pachnoda interrupta

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