Diversity and fluctuation in ciliate protozoan population in the rumen of cattle

Abrar, Arfan; Watanabe, Haruki; Kitamura, Tasuku; Kondo, Makoto; Ban‐Tokuda, Tomomi; Matsui, Hiroki

doi:10.1111/asj.12591

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the current study, Entodinium was the predominate protozoa genus in the rumen, which was consistent with previous studies [6,77,78]. Entodinium has been characterized as a starch feeder.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Metatranscriptomic analyses reveal ruminal pH regulates fiber degradation and fermentation by shifting the microbial community and gene expression of carbohydrate-active enzymes

White

Guan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Volatile fatty acids (VFA) generated from ruminal fermentation by microorganisms provide up to 75% of total metabolizable energy in ruminants. Ruminal pH is an important factor affecting the profile and production of VFA by shifting the microbial community. However, how ruminal pH affects the microbial community and its relationship with expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) for fiber degradation and fermentation are not well investigated. To fill in this knowledge gap, six cannulated Holstein heifers were subjected to a continuous 10-day intraruminal infusion of distilled water or a dilute blend of hydrochloric and phosphoric acids to achieve a pH reduction of 0.5 units in a cross-over design. RNA-seq based transcriptome profiling was performed using total RNA extracted from ruminal liquid and solid fractions collected on day 9 of each period, respectively. Results Metatranscriptomic analyses identified 19 bacterial phyla with 121 genera, 3 archaeal genera, 11 protozoal genera, and 97 CAZyme transcripts in sampled ruminal contents. Within these, 4 bacteria phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes), 2 archaeal genera (Candidatus Methanomethylophilus and Methanobrevibacter), and 5 protozoal genera (Entodinium, Polyplastron, Isotricha, Eudiplodinium, and Eremoplastron) were considered as the core active microbes, and genes encoding for cellulase, endo-1,4-beta- xylanase, amylase, and alpha-N-arabinofuranosidase were the most abundant CAZyme transcripts distributed in the rumen. Rumen microbiota is not equally distributed throughout the liquid and solid phases of rumen contents, and ruminal pH significantly affect microbial ecosystem, especially for the liquid fraction. In general, 76 bacterial genera, 4 protozoal genera, and 48 genes encoding CAZyme were significantly correlated with metabolic pathways for fiber degradation and VFA production. Within them, 29 bacterial genera, 4 protozoal genera, and 6 genes encoding CAZyme could be regulated by ruminal pH. Conclusions The ruminal microbiome changed the expression of transcripts for biochemical pathways of fiber degradation and VFA production in response to reduced pH, and at least a portion of the shifts in enzyme transcripts was associated with altered microbial community structure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Metatranscriptomic analyses reveal ruminal pH regulates fiber degradation and fermentation by shifting the microbial community and gene expression of carbohydrate-active enzymes

White

Guan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…in adult cattle. Abrar et al (2016) observed a large concentration of this eukaryote (80%) in adult animals (Holstein × Wagyu) fed with ryegrass straw and commercial concentrate. This ciliate was also recorded in high concentration diets (79%) for Martinele et al (2008) in crossbred Dutch-zebu cows receiving different concentrations of elephant grass (60-100%) and Ríspoli et al (2009) reported the occurrence of 85% of Entodinium spp.…”

Section: Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rumen protozoa of different ages of beef cattle raised in tropical pastures during the dry season

Duarte

Abrão

Ribeiro

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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The purpose of this study was to quantify, identify and compare the protozoa populations in the rumen of different ages of beef cattle raised in tropical pastures during the dry season. We sampled the ruminal fluid of 36 steers, 34 cows and 30 calves, all crossbred Nelore. The ruminal fluid was diluted in 10% formaldehyde solution and decimal dilutions were prepared in saline solution to quantify small, medium and large protozoa in Sedgewick Rafter chamber. A total of 135,800 protozoa were evaluated in an optical microscope using Lugol's iodine coloration and the genera were classified according to the morphological characteristics. Total protozoa populations were significantly lower in calf samples. The average of small protozoa population was higher than that of other protozoa groups while the large ciliate population was lower. Protozoa belonging to 17 different genera were identified, showing diversity in this ecosystem. Charonina spp. was the most frequent for both bovine groups. Entodinium spp. was more prevalent in adult cattle and while Buetschilia spp. was more prevalent in calves. In this study, a considerable population of ruminal ciliates presenting high diversity was observed in cattle raised on tropical lignified pastures and their genus profile varied according to the ages of the animals.

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“…Other research has also recorded higher occurrences of Entodinium spp. in adult cattle (Abrar et al, 2016). Observed a large concentration of this protozoa (80 %) in adult animals (Holstein × Wagyu).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Rumen Protozoa of adult bovine during autumn in the east of Algeria

Fares

Rahmoun

Lieshchova

2019

TAVM

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The two main pregastric compartiments of ruminants: rumen and reticulum work as anaerobic fermenter which allows them to use energetic and nitrogen substrates which are indigestible by monograstric animals. They have a major importance in this fermenter, also these microbes : bacteria, protozoa and fungi, on the degradation of cell-wall carbohydrates: cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectic substances, on nitrogen digestion and finally on the utilisation of the major minerals and trace elements. The objective of this study is to identify and quantify the protozoa populations in the rumen of Algerian bovines local breed, adult animals living in a relatively humid climate, basic ration based on straw and pastures during hot days. Whereas in cold weather rations are based on straw, cereals and grass forage. Usually not 2 to 5 × 10 6 ml of rumen containing organisms however, under certain feeding conditions, they represent at least 50 % of the rumen microbial biomass. Due to the difficulties in cultivate in vitro, their role and their metabolism are less known than those of bacteria. Ciliated protozoa are capable of transforming a large number of food and bacterial constituents in metabolites and cellular compounds which will then be used by the host animal. The importance of these activities is however still very controversial since in the absence of protozoa in the rumen, Isolation carried out on rumen fluid sampled of 20 cows. Rumen fluid was diluted in formaldehyde 10 % solution, and distributed in Sedgewick Rafter chamber. Then observed in optical microscope using Lugol's iodine coloration. Classified in three genders according to size. 11 different genders were identified; a considerable population of rumen protozoa was identified and classified for first time on Algerian local breed (Atlas).

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Diversity and fluctuation in ciliate protozoan population in the rumen of cattle

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Metatranscriptomic analyses reveal ruminal pH regulates fiber degradation and fermentation by shifting the microbial community and gene expression of carbohydrate-active enzymes

Metatranscriptomic analyses reveal ruminal pH regulates fiber degradation and fermentation by shifting the microbial community and gene expression of carbohydrate-active enzymes

Rumen protozoa of different ages of beef cattle raised in tropical pastures during the dry season

Rumen Protozoa of adult bovine during autumn in the east of Algeria

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