Diversity and Versatility of Actinomycetes and its Role in Antibiotic Production

Abstract

This review summarizes about the actinomycetes and their capability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, many of which have been successfully isolated and turned into useful drugs and other organic chemicals. Microbial pathogens are becoming increasingly resistant to available treatments so new antibiotics are needed, but the channel of compounds under development is scarce. There is frantic need of new microbial agents to fight against the antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms, which are rapidly increasing gradually. Therefore, actinomycetes hold a prominent position due to their diversity and proven ability to produce new bioactive compounds predominantly used in antibiotic production. A critical element in a drug discovery based on microbial extracts is the isolation of unexploited groups of microorganisms that are at the same time good producers of secondary metabolites. Few of the antibiotics produced by actinomycetes are included in this review along with their activities to prove the versatility of this powerful microbial organism. Many ecological niches still remain unexplored yet which needs to be studied for a greater diversity of novel actinomycetes. Different strains of actinomycetes generally produce different compounds. For this reason intensive efforts can be increased for isolation and screening of new strains to discover new compounds.

Gut Bacterial Diversity of Field and Laboratory-Reared Aedes albopictus Populations of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…albopictus , such as blood digestion and the assimilation of sugars from nectar [ 117 ]. Lastly, bacteria from the Actinomycetales order are found in soils and aquatic habitats [ 118 , 119 , 120 ], including domestic water storage containers holding Ae. aegypti larvae [ 121 ].…”

Biocontrol potential of actinobacteria against Pantoea ananatis, the causal agent of maize white spot disease

“…These enzymes can play an important role in the degradation of different compounds present in different microorganisms, assisting in nutrition and, consequently, exhibiting antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal or nematicidal activity (Edreva, 2005;Alekhya and Gopalakrishnan, 2014). The isolation, screening and characterization of secondary metabolite-producing strains of actinobacteria has become an area of interest for research worldwide (Chaudhary et al, 2013). In addition, the search for Streptomyces genus actinobacteria in poorly studied habitats raises the prospect of discovering natural products that can be developed with the help of biotechnology (Ogunmwonyi et al, 2010).…”

Application of actinomycetes in the control of Salmonella species

“…Salmonella spreads via the food chain, such as poultry production, and has multiple medication resistance profiles. 14…”

“…This medium has been severely reported to have a high performance in the cultivation of actinomycetes species. 14,18 However, some of the species of actinomycetes are slow growers. Most researchers have recommended incubating the species on Actinomycetes medium for longer durations.…”