Diversity, Ecology, and Significance of Fungal Endophytes

Sridhar, Kandikere R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90484-9_5

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…The mode of action of leucinostatins has been linked to their general destabilizing effect on biological membranes in both artificial membrane systems and living cells,[ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] which may explain the non‐specific toxicity towards bacteria, fungi, and mammalian cells in the μM range. Leucinostatins are classic peptaibiotics that contain a high proportion of unnatural Aibs, which tend to form 3 10 ‐helical structures, [17] and hydrophobic amino acid residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiprotozoal Structure–Activity Relationships of Synthetic Leucinostatin Derivatives and Elucidation of their Mode of Action

et al. 2021

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Leucinostatin Ai soneo ft he most potent antiprotozoal compounds ever described, but little was knowno n structure-activity relationships (SAR). We used Trypanosoma brucei as ap rotozoal model organism to test synthetically modified derivatives,r esulting in simplified but equally active compounds 2 (ZHAWOC6025) and 4 (ZHAWOC6027), which were subsequently modified in all regions of the molecule to gain an in-depth SAR understanding.T he antiprotozoal SAR matched SAR in phospholipid liposomes, where membrane integrity,l eaking, and dynamics were studied. The mode of action is discussed based on as tructure-activity analysis of derivatives in efficacy,u ltrastructural studies in T. brucei, and artificial membrane models,m imicking membrane stability and membrane potential. The main site of antiprotozoal action of natural and synthetic leucinostatins lies in the destabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane,a sd emonstrated by ultrastructural analysis,e lectron microscopya nd mitochondrial staining.L ong-time sublethal exposure of T. brucei (200 passages) and siRNAs creening of 12'000 mutants showed no signs of resistance development to the synthetic derivatives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiprotozoal Structure–Activity Relationships of Synthetic Leucinostatin Derivatives and Elucidation of their Mode of Action

et al. 2021

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“…Fungal endophytes have fundamental roles in plant ecology and physiology such as plant growth regulators, increasing tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and as mediators of plant-insect and plant-soil interactions ( Carroll, 1988 ; Berg, 2009 ; Vega et al, 2009 ; Almario et al, 2017 ; Shikano et al, 2017 ). Community structure and distribution patterns of endophytes in host plants are influenced by a variety of factors including agricultural practice, genetics of host plants, geography, season and vegetation structure in the surrounding landscape ( Guo et al, 2008 ; Gasser and Berg, 2011 ; Nair and Padmavathy, 2014 ; Fort et al, 2016 ; Alzarhani et al, 2019 ; Sridhar, 2019 ). Understanding the ecological role of fungal endophytes could help design habitat management tools leading to improve pest management in crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Endophyte Communities of Crucifer Crops Are Seasonally Dynamic and Structured by Plant Identity, Plant Tissue and Environmental Factors

et al. 2020

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Endophytic fungi are important in diverse plant functions but knowledge of the factors that shape assemblages of these symbionts is lacking. Here, using a culture-dependent approach, we report 4,178 endophytic fungal isolates representing 16 orders isolated from stems, roots and leaves of three cruciferous plant species, Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L.), radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) and white cabbage ( B. olerocea L.), collected from 21 focal fields with different landscape contexts and pesticide uses during four seasons (summer, autumn, winter and spring). The colonization rate of fungi was found to be most strongly affected by season, plant identity and plant tissue. The colonization was highest during autumn, followed by summer, spring and lowest during winter. The colonization was highest in B. olerocea (53.2%), followed by B. rapa (42.6%), and lowest in R. sativus (35.0%). The colonization was highest in stems (51.9%) in all plant types, followed by leaves (42.4%) and roots (37.5%). Hypocreales was the dominant order (33.3% of all the isolates), followed by Glomerellales (26.5%), Eurotiales (12.1%), Pleosporales (9.8%) and Capnodiales (6.0%). Fungal endophyte abundance (number of isolates) followed the same pattern as colonization rate, while species richness varied with season and host plant tissue. Ordination analyses showed that the abundance and richness of Hypocreales, Eurotiales and Sordariales were associated with plant roots, while Capnodiales, Pleosporales and Trichosphaeriales were associated with spring. Other environmental factors, elevation, and the proportions of grassland, forest, orchard and waterbodies in the surrounding landscape also exerted effects within some categories of other main effects or for certain fungal taxa. Our results indicate that while fungal endophyte communities of crucifer crops vary strongly with the season, they are also strongly structured by plant identity and plant tissue, to a lesser extent by pesticide use and only weakly by landscape composition. The understanding of the ecological roles of fungal endophytes could contribute to habitat management and consequently improve crop pest management.

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“…However, such proportion and diversity of fungi in plants could be dependent upon the host, age, nutrient, the environment, season, or the interaction with other microorganisms that surround them (Porras-Alfaro and Bayman, 2011). Because fungal endophytes are everywhere, their uses as biological control agents against pathogens, and their pharmaceutical potential, are undeniable reasons for their study (Mejía et al, 2008;Sridhar, 2019;Adeleke and Babalola, 2021). In agricultural crops, endophytes play crucial roles by protecting plants against many biotic (conferring pest and disease resistance) and abiotic stresses (including impacts of climate change), increasing their resilience, and for improved management of post-harvest control (Lugtenberg et al, 2016).…”

Section: Fungal Diversity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of culturable endophytic fungi vary through time in Manihot esculenta Crantz

Ramírez‐Camejo

2024

Braz. J. Biol.

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Endophytic fungi are a ubiquituos group that colonize all plant species on earth. Studies comparing the location of endophytic fungi within the leaves and the sampling time in Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) are limited. In this study, mature leaves of M. esculenta from Panama were collected in order to compare the cultivable diversity of endophytic fungi and to determine their distribution within the leaves. A total of one hundred sixty endophytes belonging to 97 species representing 13 genera and 8 morphospecies determined as mycelia sterilia that containing 63 isolates were isolated. Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Periconia, and mycelia sterilia 1 and 3 were the most predominant isolated endophytes. We detected that endophytes varied across the sampling time, but not amongst locations within leaves. The endophytes composition across sampling and the location of endophytes within leaf was similar, except for Periconia and mycelia sterilia 3 and 7. The data generated in this study contribute to the knowledge on the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in Panama, and establish the bases for future research focused on understanding the function of endophytes in M. esculenta crops.

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Diversity, Ecology, and Significance of Fungal Endophytes

Cited by 19 publications

References 219 publications

Antiprotozoal Structure–Activity Relationships of Synthetic Leucinostatin Derivatives and Elucidation of their Mode of Action

Antiprotozoal Structure–Activity Relationships of Synthetic Leucinostatin Derivatives and Elucidation of their Mode of Action

Fungal Endophyte Communities of Crucifer Crops Are Seasonally Dynamic and Structured by Plant Identity, Plant Tissue and Environmental Factors

Diversity of culturable endophytic fungi vary through time in Manihot esculenta Crantz

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