Diversity in susceptibility reactions of winter wheat genotypes to obligate pathogens under fluctuating climatic conditions

Abstract

To date, studies have usually focused on the impact of abiotic factors on the distribution of plant pathogens and have built forecast models for the prediction of pathogen outbreaks. However, the impact of the combined effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the prevalence of economically important pathogens has usually been neglected. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between powdery mildew and rusts of wheat and to examine how the combined effects of abiotic and biotic factors influence their prevalence. The study was conducted in the period 2016–2019 using the collection of 2158 genotypes of winter wheat. The most influential factors on disease indices and relationships among obligate pathogens were determined using multiple regression models and principal component analysis. The possibility of the coexistence of different rust species in the same growing season and in the same field was shown. The significant influence of fluctuations in winter temperatures on changes in the prevalence of obligate pathogens was determined. The strong impact of genotypes and their reaction on climatic elements in certain phenological stages were shown to be significant factors influencing the interactions among obligate pathogens and the predominance of one pathogen over another.

The challenge of managing yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) in winter wheat: how combined climate and pathogen stressors impact variability in genotype reactions

“…In 2014, winter temperatures in January (4.2°C) and February (6.1°C) exceeded the average temperatures (-0.1°C in January and 1.8°C in February) since 1964, and yellow rust prevailed over leaf rust and caused enormous damage in wheat production (Jevtićet al, 2020). During 2014, the disease indices of yellow rust ranged from 40% to 60% in wheat production areas (Jevtićet al, 2020). The outbreak of yellow rust in Serbia was caused by Warrior races (Jevtićet al, 2017;Jevtićet al, 2020).…”

“…tritici predominated over leaf rust and similarly, as in the rest of European countries, threatened wheat production (Jevtićet al, 2017;Jevtićet al, 2020). In 2014, winter temperatures in January (4.2°C) and February (6.1°C) exceeded the average temperatures (-0.1°C in January and 1.8°C in February) since 1964, and yellow rust prevailed over leaf rust and caused enormous damage in wheat production (Jevtićet al, 2020). During 2014, the disease indices of yellow rust ranged from 40% to 60% in wheat production areas (Jevtićet al, 2020).…”

“…During 2014, the disease indices of yellow rust ranged from 40% to 60% in wheat production areas (Jevtićet al, 2020). The outbreak of yellow rust in Serbia was caused by Warrior races (Jevtićet al, 2017;Jevtićet al, 2020).…”

Intelligent reprogramming of wheat for enhancement of fungal and nematode disease resistance using advanced molecular techniques

“…Elimination of the fungus is difficult due to the ability of spores to remain viable for longer periods of time in the soil and air ( Eversmeyer and Kramer, 2000 ). Similarly, the occurrence of diseases fluctuates greatly from season to season, depending on the conduciveness of environmental conditions, nature of pathogen, and host susceptibility ( Jevtić et al., 2020 ). Furthermore, the intensive use of synthetic fertilizers over the years has taken a toll on the health of soil and has badly affected the environment as well as food quality.…”

The influence of winter wheat leaf diseases on yield and yield components = Ziemas kviešu lapu slimību ietekme uz ražu un tās struktūrelementiem

“…Slimības straujo izplatību veģetācijas periodā nosaka tas, ka uredo sporas veidojas lielos daudzumos un spēj pārvietoties ar vēju lielos attālumos (Singh, Huerta-Espino, William, 2004). Tās var pārnest arī ar transportu un tūristi, jo pēdējā laikā slimība parādījusies arī reģionos, kur iepriekš netika konstatēta (Gomes et al, 2016) Pētījumi Serbijā rāda, ka obligāto parazītu, kāds ir arī P. recondita, attīstību būtiski ietekmē straujas temperatūras svārstības ziemošanas periodā un brūnā rūsa var dominēt pār dzelteno rūsu (Jevtić et al, 2020). Arī pētījumi Vācijā norāda, ka abas rūsas savā starpā var spēcīgi konkurēt (Zetzsche, Friedt, Ordon, 2020).…”