Diversity in the Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 of Human, Environmental, and Animal Origin

Abstract

BackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae ST101 is an emerging high-risk clone which exhibits extensive drug resistance. Bacterial strains residing in multiple hosts show unique signatures related to host adaptation. In this study, we assess the genetic relationship of K. pneumoniae ST101 isolated from hospital samples, the environment, community, and livestock using whole genome sequencing (WGS).Materials and MethodsWe selected ten K. pneumoniae ST101 strains from hospitalized patients in Italy (n = 3) (2014) and Spain (n = 5) (2015–2016) as well as Belgian livestock animals (n = 2) (2017–2018). WGS was performed with 2 × 250 bp paired-end sequencing (Nextera XT) sample preparation kit and MiSeq (Illumina Inc.). Long-read sequencing (Pacbio Sequel I) was used to sequence the two livestock strains and three Italian hospital-associated strains. Furthermore, a public ST101 sequence collection of 586 strains (566 hospital-associated strains, 12 environmental strains, six strains from healthy individuals, one food-associated strain and one pig strain) was obtained. BacPipe and Kleborate were used to conduct genome analysis. ISFinder was used to find IS elements, and PHASTER was utilized to identify prophages. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to illustrate genetic relatedness.ResultsHospital-associated K. pneumoniae ST101 showed higher resistance scores than non-clinical isolates from healthy individuals, the environment, food and livestock (1.85 ± 0.72 in hospital-associated isolates vs. 1.14 ± 1.13 in non-clinical isolates, p < 0.01). Importantly, the lack of integrative conjugative elements ICEKp bearing iron-scavenging yersiniabactin siderophores (ybt) in livestock-associated strains suggests a lower pathogenicity potential than hospital-associated strains. Mobile genetic elements (MGE) appear to be an important source of diversity in K. pneumoniae ST101 strains from different origins, with a highly stable genome and few recombination events outside the prophage-containing regions. Core genome MLST based analysis revealed a distinct genetic clustering between human and livestock-associated isolates.ConclusionThe study of K. pneumoniae ST101 hospital-associated and strains from healthy individuals and animals revealed a genetic diversity between these two groups, allowing us to identify the presence of yersiniabactin siderophores in hospital-associated isolates. Resistance and virulence levels in livestock-associated strains were considerably lower than hospital-associated strains, implying that the public health risk remains low. The introduction of an ICEKp into animal strains, on the other hand, might pose a public threat over time.

Molecular mechanisms and clonal lineages of colistin-resistant bacteria across the African continent: a scoping review

“…2019; De Koster et al . 2022). Additionally, human ST101 colistin‐resistant K. pneumoniae clones have recently been identified in France (Jayol et al .…”

“…The remaining strain belonged to ST147 and harboured the matallo-cabapenemase NDM-1 and the CTX-M-15 ESBL enzymes. The clonal lineage ST101 has been identified in several North Africa studies (Kieffer et al 2018;Yousfi et al 2018) and represents one of the high-risk MDR K. pneumoniae clones associated with carbapenemase (NDM-1, OXA-48) (Jaidane et al 2017;Yang et al 2019;De Koster et al 2022). Additionally, human ST101 colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae clones have recently been identified in France (Jayol et al 2014), whilst the ST147 K. pneumoniae clone has been reported worldwide, in association with numerous ESBL and carbapenemase genes.…”

Limited evidence of spill over of antimicrobial resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaefrom animal/environmental reservoirs to humans in India

“…This is in accordance with recent studies that showed most hospital-associated strains were resistant to last resort antimicrobials such as carbapenems, while livestock associated isolates were not. 13, 14, 34, 35…”

“…This is in accordance with recent studies that showed most hospital-associated strains were resistant to last resort antimicrobials such as carbapenems, while livestock associated isolates were not. 13,14,34,35 We compared the clonal complexes of K. pneumoniae across three different niches to understand the distribution of these systematically collected isolates. The clonal distributions of K. pneumoniae were generally diverse within and between the niches (human, livestock, and hospital effluent samples).…”

Molecular detection of extended spectrum ?-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from wild deer

“…Similarly, another high-risk MDR clone has been detected in animals in China . Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that can infect humans and animals and is a common contaminant of retail meat, the increasing prevalence of MDR with virulence poses a potential threat to food safety, and animal and human health (De Koster et al 2022).…”