Molecular mechanisms and clonal lineages of colistin-resistant bacteria across the African continent: a scoping review

Abstract

Significance and Impact of the Study: Increasing usage of antimicrobial compounds in human and veterinary medicine has contributed to the global emergence and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, representing a major concern for human and animal health. According to many international and governmental organizations, the impact of antimicrobial resistance will be particularly significant in low-income regions across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Accordingly, the development and implementation of multidisciplinary (i.e. One Health) evidence-based control programs and strategies are critical. Colistin is a 'last-resort' antimicrobial treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections including pneumonia from Enterobacterales; however, high rates of colistin resistance have been reported globally, including Africa. A more profound understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying colistin resistance is required for the development of effective surveillance programs and innovative therapies against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

High Biofilm-Forming Ability and Clonal Dissemination among Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Cows with Mastitis, Diarrheic Calves, and Chickens with Colibacillosis in Tunisia

“…In cows, the mcr -1 gene frequency was lower than that reported by Liu et al (2020) [ 46 ], who detected 2% of colistin-resistant mcr -1 positive E. coli isolates collected from cows with mastitis. Conversely, the mcr -1 was not detected in any E. coli isolated from calves with diarrhea corroborating the results found by Umpiérrez et al, 2017 [ 47 ].…”

“…The lowest rate (12/20, 60%) of biofilm formation was observed in calves when compared to the other origins. These results are higher than those reported in the study of [ 47 ], in which 45% of E. coli isolated from calves with diarrhea in Uruguay formed biofilm. Based on the observations of the biofilm formation assay, the study suggested that mastitis isolates were more biofilm producers than those of avian and calf origins.…”

Sheep and goats are reservoirs of colistin resistant Escherichia coli that co‐resist critically important antimicrobials: First study from Jordan

“…Colistin, polymyxin E, is a polypeptide antimicrobial that damages the phospholipid bilayer of the inner membrane in bacteria (Hassen, Hammami, Hassen, & Abbassi, 2022). The use of this antimicrobial has been considered the last‐resort antimicrobial for treating human infections caused by multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria such as carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (El‐Sayed Ahmed et al, 2020).…”

“…The use of this antimicrobial has been considered the last‐resort antimicrobial for treating human infections caused by multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria such as carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (El‐Sayed Ahmed et al, 2020). However, resistance to colistin can occur due to chromosomal mutations or by acquired plasmid mediated colistin resistant gene (Hassen et al, 2022). The plasmid‐mediated resistance is transferable among bacterial species and might lead to losing colistin efficacy against multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria (El‐Sayed Ahmed et al, 2020).…”

“…However, resistance to colistin can occur due to chromosomal mutations or by acquired plasmid mediated colistin resistant gene (Hassen et al, 2022). The plasmid-mediated resistance is transferable among bacterial species and might lead to losing colistin efficacy against multidrugresistant Gram-negative bacteria (El-Sayed Ahmed et al, 2020).…”