Diversity of Catechin Content in the Leaves of Persimmon Germplasms

Abstract

Catechins are essential phenolic compounds in persimmon. However, the catechin content in the leaves of persimmon germplasms has not been systematically and comprehensively evaluated. To systematically assess catechin variation in different growth stages and astringency types of persimmon leaves, the young and adult leaves catechin content of 249 persimmon germplasms from Korea, Japan, and 16 provinces in China was quantified using an HPLC method. The results showed that the content of (−)-epicatechin (EC) and (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG) had higher coefficient of variation (CV) values in persimmon young leaves (106.74%) and adult leaves (91.49%), respectively. The genetic diversity H’ of (+)-catechin (CA) and (+)-gallocatechin (GC) content was higher in young leaves (2.00 and 2.03), and the H’ value of (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and CA content was higher in adult leaves (1.98 and 1.92). The non-galloylated catechins, EGC, EC, and CA, were significantly positively correlated with each other in both young and adult leaves. Catechins of persimmon leaves showed different accumulation patterns in different growth stages and astringency types; (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and CA had the highest average content in the persimmon germplasms of Guangxi and Shanxi provinces of China, respectively. The content of (+)-catechin gallate (CG) was found to be significantly higher in Japanese pollination-constant non-astringent (J-PCNA) persimmon leaves, and EC, GCG had the highest levels in Chinese PCNA (C-PCNA) type. The 249 germplasms were classified into five clusters (Cluster I-V) by SOM clustering based on the content of nine catechins, with EC, CA, and GC having the highest content in Cluster V of the adult leaves. In addition, four excellent germplasms of Cluster III had the highest EGC and GC content in young leaves. Thus, the critical period for catechin utilization of persimmon leaves can be further determined, and provide theoretical references for excellent germplasm screening.

Separation, identification, and fingerprinting of antioxidant components in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaves by offline two‐dimensional liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and tandem mass spectrometry

“…Compounds in Figure 3C: gallic acid (1), GC (5), protocatechuic acid (6), neochlorogenic acid (8), catechin (10), chlorogenic acid (12), procyanidin B2 ( 14), p-coumaric acid (17), orientin (18), hyperoside (22), isoquercitrin (23), kaempferol-3-O-galactoside (25), quercetin (36), and kaempferol (37).…”

“…In comparison with the fractions obtained from 1 D-LC (Figure S1) and the standard solution, 33 peaks were identified. They were gallic acid (1), (E)GC-(E)GC/GC (5), protocatechuic acid (6), (E)GC-(E)C isomer (7), neochlorogenic acid (8), (E)GC-(E)C ( 9), catechin (10), chlorogenic acid/2×(E)GC-(E)C ( 12), p-coumaric acid isomer (13), procyanidin B2 (14), EGCG (15), p-coumaric acid (17), orientin (18), myricetin-O-hexoside (20,21), hyperoside (22), isoquercitrin (23), methyl rhamnoflavone In fingerprint studies, similarity is often used to compare the proximity and differences between chromatograms. Cosine Algorithm is a commonly used method for simi- larity evaluation [38].…”

“…Among them, phenolic acids such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and cinnamic acid, and flavonoids such as kaempferol-3-Oglucoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin, hyperoside, and rutin, are present in persimmon leaves [8]. At present, there is no effective assay to evaluate the content of these phenolics comprehensively, and the existing studies only determine a small amount of those compounds [9,10]. Therefore, the contribution of different compounds to antioxidant activity is still unclear.…”

Mitochondrial genome features and systematic evolution of diospyros kaki thunb 'Taishuu'

“…They naturally lose astringency upon ripening, conferring excellent palatability. They possess high nutritional and health benefits compared to astringent persimmons [ 2 , 3 ]. 'Taishuu' is a cultivar of PCNA persimmon developed in Japan [ 4 ].…”

Phenotypic Diversity and Relationships of Fruit Traits in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Germplasm Resources

“…The study of phenotypic diversity can elucidate the structure and laws of population variation and thereby provide an important basis for the formation mechanism of complex traits through the deep excavation of genetic resources [15]. Genetic diversity is characterized by analyzing variations at the DNA level, phenotypes, and physiological characteristics [16][17][18][19]. The genetic diversity in persimmon germplasm resources has recently been reported from a study mainly focusing on the phenotypic diversity of the leaves and some fruit traits [20], the variation in the flavonoid and polyphenol contents [21], and the variation in the ascorbic acid content of the leaves [22].…”