Diversity of Epiphytic Orchids, Hoya, Dischidia and Phorophytes (Host Trees) in Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Reserve, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Bawean Island is a small island located between two islands (Java and Borneo). Geographically, the diversity of plants, especially epiphytic plants on this island is very interesting to be studied. This research aims to investigate the diversity of epiphytic plants, focussing on epiphytic orchids, Hoya and Dischidia in Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Reserve. It was conducted through an inventory of epiphytic orchids and hoya growing on host trees. The results showed there were 10 species of epiphytic orchid and 3 species of epiphytic Hoya, and 1 species of Dischidia growing on-location studies. The epiphytic orchids which found in location studies included Phalaenopsis amabilis, Aerides odorata, Cymbidium aloifolium, Dendrobium anosmum, Rhynchostylis retusa, Liparis condylobulbon, Taeniophyllum biocellatum, Cymbidium sp., Eria sp. Orchid species that most often found in the study location was Phalaenopsis amabilis. In addition, this study recorded Taeniophyllum biocellatum as an endemic orchid from Java that was found on this island. The epiphytic Hoya recorded in there, i.e. Hoya diversifolia, H. verticillata, and H. amoena, and also only found 1 species of Dischidia was Dischidia imbricata. There were 12 species of trees as the host trees of epiphytic, i.e. Irvingia malayana, Tectona grandis, Diospyros buxyfolius were the host trees frequently found as the host of the epiphytic plant. Zone 3 as an area of 1/3 basal part of a total length of the branches was the most preferred zone by epiphytic orchids and hoya. The epiphytic orchid and hoya hardly found in Zone 5.

Habitat preferences of wild orchids in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park to model their suitable habitat in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…On the other hand, zone 5 harbored the most orchids, followed by zone 3 and 4. This pattern was also found in Coban Trisula, East Java, Indonesia (Nurfadilah 2015); previous observation in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia (Rahayu and Utami 2019); Mount Togo, Togo (Sodjinou et al 2019); and Bawean Island Nature Reserve, Indonesia (Trimanto and Danarto 2020). Temperature, and humid: Humidity).…”

“…The positioning of these epiphytic orchids on the phorophyte is conditioned by several factors such as temperature, luminous intensity, humidity, the thickness of the layer of the bryophytes, and slopes of the branches of the trees (Sodjinou et al 2019). Zones 3, 4, and 5 are area that offers a wide variety of micro-habitats because the branches favor a humus deposit and moisture substrate that would promote the development of epiphytes (Sodjinou et al 2019;Trimanto and Danarto 2020). Higher orchids density within said zones can also become the result of seed entrapment on the base of the main fork site and sufficient sunlight, humidity, water and nutrients (Hernández-Pérez et al 2018;Rahayu and Utami 2019).…”

Exploration and Characterization of Host Trees and Orchid Epiphyte Zones in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi

“…Epiphytic orchids grow on host trees that are divided into different zones. Based on the specific characteristics and conditions of each part of the host tree, the growing area of this orchid is divided into five different zones (Trimanto and Danarto 2020). The illustration of the division of altitude zones for orchid host trees can be seen in Fig.…”

“…Epiphytic orchids were generally found in zones 3, 2, and 1 (Table 3). This is because the physical condition of the bark is usually hollow bark soft, rough, and slit surfaces so that it can hold water and allow orchid seeds to easily (Martiansyah et al 2022;Trimanto and Danarto 2020). Furthermore, individual orchid trees are phorophytes or trees that can be used as hosts to accommodate the most significant number of individual orchids.…”

Laelia anceps Lindl. (Orchidaceae) adaptation on phorophytes within an anthropized landscape, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, Mexico

“…In this sense, the reintroduction of orchids and other plants in ecosystem restoration programs is very important if a habitat similar to that found before the landscape was disturbed is to be recreated (Phillips et al, 2020). It is also vital to include local communities or villages in forest restoration and conservation programs, particularly the phorophytes and orchids that inhabit them (Trimanto, 2020), in order for the programs to be more successful. These conservation efforts are important because landscapes with high plant cover are inhabited by a greater number of epiphytic species (Leighton et al, 2016).…”