Diversity of fungal isolates associated with early blight disease of tomato from mid Himalayan region of India

Kaur, Tanvir; Yadav, Ajar Nath; Sharma, Sushma; Singh, Nasib

doi:10.1080/03235408.2020.1785098

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Pigmentation and colony texture of the Alternaria blight pathogens in this study were similar to previous reports where greenish, dark, and brownish pigmentation have been observed [17,30,20]. The surface texture of the colonies exhibited slight variations with zonation at the margins, which were similar to those observed in other studies involving Alternaria blight pathogens [17,30,31].…”

Section: Characterization Of Early Blight Pathogensupporting

confidence: 90%

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Pathogenicity of Alternaria Species Causing Tomato Blight in Agro-Ecological Zones of Kirinyaga County in Kenya

Ogolla

Muraya

Onyango

2023

AJAAR

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is a highly consumed and produced vegetable crop with an annual global production of over 185 million tonnes. High consumption and production are due to its nutritional and health benefits. However, tomato production is characterized by inconsistent quality and yields, partly emanating from biotic constraints attributed to fungal foliar diseases. In Kirinyaga County, where tomato production is a significant source of livelihood, knowledge gaps exist regarding the identity of Alternaria species causing tomato blight in different Agro-ecological zones (AEZs) and the susceptibility of locally grown tomato varieties to the Alternaria pathogens. To address these gaps, we conducted a study to determine the characteristics of an Alternaria pathogen isolated from tomato leaves from different AEZs and assess the susceptibility level of some tomato varieties grown in Kirinyaga County. Pathogen characterization was done using phenotypic and molecular approaches, and the susceptibility assay was evaluated by artificial inoculation. The molecular characterization involved BLASTIN analysis of Sanger sequenced DNA nucleotide amplicons, and the use of NCBI databases. The susceptibility assay was carried out in the greenhouse using a completely randomized design. Data on the fungal conidial lengths (µm) and the susceptibility (%) of tomato varieties to fungal isolates were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with significance means separated using LSD at α = 0.05. The morphologies of the pathogens differed significantly (p <0.05). Molecular characterization implicated Alternaria solani, Alternaria cerealis, Alternaria arborescens, and Alternaria alternate in causing tomato blight. Tomato varieties differed in their susceptibility to Alternaria pathogens (p < 0.05). Kilele F1 (73.84%), and Terminator F1 (56.48%) were the most and least susceptible tomato varieties, respectively. Thus, Terminator F1 can serve as a source for the genetic improvement of tomato varieties in the Kirinyaga patho-system. Our study provides valuable information on the identification of Alternaria species causing tomato blight in different AEZs in Kirinyaga County and the susceptibility of locally grown tomato varieties to infection by Alternaria pathogen isolates. The findings can aid in the development of effective disease management strategies and the genetic improvement of tomato varieties in the area.

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Section: Characterization Of Early Blight Pathogensupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The reference materials used for identification of blight pathogen isolates included published material from related work [17,30,31,20]. A Pathogenicity test was carried out for selected pathogen isolates for further identification and characterization.…”

Section: Purification and Identification Of Fungusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of Alternaria Species Causing Tomato Blight in Agro-Ecological Zones of Kirinyaga County in Kenya

Ogolla

Muraya

Onyango

2023

AJAAR

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“…For example, simple-sequence repeats (SSRs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were successfully used to determine the genetic variability of A. alternata causing black spot in potato in China ( Meng J. et al, 2015 ) and Iran ( Nasr Esfahani, 2018 ). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) outlined the distribution of Alternaria species causing early blight of potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) and tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) in Algeria and India ( Ayad et al, 2019 ; Kaur T. et al, 2020 ). RFLPs was also employed to screen a large collection of A. alternata isolates causing black spot of pecan ( C. illinoinensis ) in South Africa without the need for expensive sequencing ( Achilonu et al, 2023b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random amplified microsatellites (RAMS) analysis ascertains genetic variation of Alternaria alternata causing black spot disease on Carya illinoinensis in South Africa

Achilonu,

Gryzenhout,

Marais

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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Limited information regarding the occurrence of black spot disease of pecan (Carya illinoinensis), caused by A. alternata, in South Africa is known. The pecan industry is growing rapidly, so it is essential to understand the impact of the fungal pathogen to pecan health. In this study, the genetic variation of 364 A. alternata isolates was investigated by two RAMS primers (CCA5 and CGA5). In total, 6,525 alleles were produced, with a minimum of 3,182 alleles on the CGA5 primer and maximum of 3,343 alleles for CCA5 primer. Further analysis of the primers showed relatively low genetic diversity of A. alternata isolate populations, with mean values; (H = 0.12) and Shannon’s information index (I = 0.20). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed significant differences between populations, with 88% of the genetic variation was found within populations (Nm = 3.59, PhiPT = 0.12), and were not significantly different (p > 0.001). While 12% variation was observed among populations (Nm = 2.89, PhiPT = 0.08) and the estimates were statistically significant (p < 0.001). STRUCTURE HARVESTER output showed that K value is K = 8, where ΔK cannot find the true number of populations because of less variation. The dendrogram cluster tree generated by Ward’s analysis unveiled two main distinct clades and 10 sub-clades, revealing similar findings as those of PCoA analysis clusters. Therefore, it was evident that these analyses depicted no distinct relationship between the A. alternata isolates and their geographic locations or the prevalence of distribution among the populations.

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“…In Egypt, the total yield of tomatoes in 2019 was 6,751,856 tonnes and the harvested area was 173,276 hectares [ 2 ]. Tomato is highly susceptible to numerous fungal, oomycetes, bacterial, and viral phytopathogens that significantly reduce the crop quality and yield quantity [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzoic Acid and Its Hydroxylated Derivatives Suppress Early Blight of Tomato (Alternaria solani) via the Induction of Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Defense Machinery

Nehela

Taha

Elzaawely

et al. 2021

JoF

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Tomato early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is a destructive foliar fungal disease. Herein, the potential defensive roles of benzoic acid (BA) and two of its hydroxylated derivatives, ρ-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), and protocatechuic acid (PCA) against A. solani were investigated. All tested compounds showed strong dose-dependent fungistatic activity against A. solani and significantly reduced the disease development. Benzoic acid, and its hydroxylated derivatives, enhanced vegetative growth and yield traits. Moreover, BA and its derivatives induce the activation of enzymatic (POX, PPO, CAT, SlAPXs, and SlSODs) and non-enzymatic (phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids) antioxidant defense machinery to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis within infected leaves. Additionally, BA and its hydroxylated derivatives induce the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and its biosynthetic genes including isochorismate synthase (SlICS), aldehyde oxidases (SlAO1 and SlAO2), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (SlPAL1, SlPAL2, SlPAL3, SlPAL5, and SlPAL6). Higher SA levels were associated with upregulation of pathogenesis-related proteins (SlPR-1, SlPR1a2, SlPRB1-2, SlPR4, SlPR5, SlPR6), nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (SlNPR1), and salicylic acid-binding protein (SlSABP2). These findings outline the potential application of BA and its hydroxylated derivatives as a sustainable alternative control strategy for early blight disease and also deciphering the physiological and biochemical mechanisms behind their protective role.

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Diversity of fungal isolates associated with early blight disease of tomato from mid Himalayan region of India

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Pathogenicity of Alternaria Species Causing Tomato Blight in Agro-Ecological Zones of Kirinyaga County in Kenya

Pathogenicity of Alternaria Species Causing Tomato Blight in Agro-Ecological Zones of Kirinyaga County in Kenya

Random amplified microsatellites (RAMS) analysis ascertains genetic variation of Alternaria alternata causing black spot disease on Carya illinoinensis in South Africa

Benzoic Acid and Its Hydroxylated Derivatives Suppress Early Blight of Tomato (Alternaria solani) via the Induction of Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Defense Machinery

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