Diversity of metabolic syndrome criteria in association with cardiovascular diseases – a family medicine-based investigation

Abstract

BackgroundThis study compared the association between the 3 definitions of metabolic syndrome (MetS) suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP ATP III), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and shows the prevalence and characteristics of persons with MetS in continental vs. coastal regions and rural vs. urban residence in Croatia.Material/MethodsA prospective multicenter study was conducted on 3245 participants ≥40 years, who visited general practices from May to July 2008 for any reason. This was a cross-sectional study of the Cardiovascular Risk and Intervention Study in Croatia-family medicine project (ISRCTN31857696).ResultsAll analyzed MetS definitions showed an association with CVD, but the strongest was shown by NCEP ATP III; coronary disease OR 2.48 (95% CI 1.80–3.82), cerebrovascular disease OR 2.14 (1.19–3.86), and peripheral artery disease OR 1.55 (1.04–2.32), especially for age and male sex. According to the NCEP ATP III (IDF), the prevalence was 38.7% (45.9%) [15.9% (18.6%) in men, and 22.7% (27.3%) in women, and 28.4% (33.9%) in the continental region, 10.2% (10.9%) in the coastal region, 26.2% (31.5%) in urban areas, and 12.4% (14.4%) in rural areas. Older age, male sex, and residence in the continental area were positively associated with MetS diagnosis according to NCEP ATP III, and current smoking and Mediterranean diet adherence have protective effects.ConclusionsThe NCEP ATP III definition seems to provide the strongest association with CVD and should therefore be preferred for use in this population.

Body fat, cholesterol, triglycerides, and adipokines as predictors of waist circumference in overweight and obese adults Comment to: Diversity of metabolic syndrome criteria in association with cardiovascular diseases – a family medicine-based investigation Dragica Ivezić-Lalić, Biserka Bergman Marković, Ksenija Krančević, Josipa Kern, Davorka Vrdoljak, Jasna Vučak Med Sci Monit, 2013; 19: 571–78

“…WC is increasingly regarded as a simple way of measuring central adiposity and, more specifically, visceral fat [1]. The present results suggest that higher total body fat, measured as a part of body composition analysis, can predict higher WC in this population of South Asian Indians.…”

“…The study by Ivezić-Lalić et al compared the association between 3 definitions of metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardio-vascular disease [1]. The authors mentioned that among variables measured, the waist circumference [WC] is not a sufficient indicator of general obesity, even though it is recognized as useful in assessing abdominal fat, particularly visceral fat [2].…”

Carotid artery intima-media thickness and erectile dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome

“…Various criteria used the describe the syndrome: World Health Organization (WHO), National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP ATP III), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) [2]. The prevalence is around 25% in the United States and this prevalence increases with age [3].…”

“…Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) associated with abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance and diabetes (DM), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [ 1 ]. Various criteria used the describe the syndrome: World Health Organization (WHO), National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP ATP III), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) [ 2 ]. The prevalence is around 25% in the United States and this prevalence increases with age [ 3 ].…”

Association study of apelin-APJ system genetic polymorphisms with incident metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population: a case-control study

“…In this work, we sought to investigate the genetic role of the apelin-APJ system in MetS. As a constellation of metabolic disturbances including hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and obesity, MetS predisposes patients to DM type 2 [17], coronary heart disease [18–19] and other diseases. The multiple components of MetS coexist more often than by chance alone.…”