Diversity of phyllotaxis in land plants in reference to the shoot apical meristem structure

Gola, Edyta M.; Banasiak, Alicja

doi:10.5586/asbp.3529

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…Firstly, the difference in the divergence angles between the two patterns does not support a causative relationship – in apical cell divisions, the angle of the newly produced daughter cell to the previous is 120°, whereas the observed phyllotactic angle centres on the golden angle of 137.5°. In the moss Atrichum undulatum , the triangular apical cell exhibits sequential face divisions but these occur at ~137.5°, and angle which is reflected directly in the phyllotactic angle 42 . In Physcomitrella patens , spiral apical cell divisions lead to spiral leaf arrangement 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an understanding of spiral patterning in the Sargassum muticum shoot apex

Linardić

Braybrook

2017

Sci Rep

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In plants and parenchymatous brown algae the body arises through the activity of an apical meristem (a niche of cells or a single cell). The meristem produces lateral organs in specific patterns, referred to as phyllotaxis. In plants, two different control mechanisms have been proposed: one is position-dependent and relies on morphogen accumulation at future organ sites; the other is a lineage-based system which links phyllotaxis to the apical cell division pattern. Here we examine the apical patterning of the brown alga, Sargassum muticum, which exhibits spiral phyllotaxis (137.5° angle) and an unlinked apical cell division pattern. The Sargassum apex presents characteristics of a self-organising system, similar to plant meristems. In contrast to complex plant meristems, we were unable to correlate the plant morphogen auxin with bud positioning in Sargassum, nor could we predict cell wall softening at new bud sites. Our data suggests that in Sargassum muticum there is no connection between phyllotaxis and the apical cell division pattern indicating a position-dependent patterning mechanism may be in place. The underlying mechanisms behind the phyllotactic patterning appear to be distinct from those seen in plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an understanding of spiral patterning in the Sargassum muticum shoot apex

Linardić

Braybrook

2017

Sci Rep

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“…Firstly, the difference in the divergence angles between the two patterns does not support a causative relationship – in apical cell divisions, the angle of the newly produced daughter cell to the previous is 120°, whereas the observed phyllotactic angle centres on the golden angle of 137.5°. In the moss Atrichum undulatum , the triangular apical cell exhibits sequential face divisions but these occur at ∼137.5°, and angle which is reflected directly in the phyllotactic angle (Gola and Banasiak, 2016). In Physcomitrella patens , spiral apical cell divisions lead to spiral leaf arrangement (Harrison et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an understanding of spiral patterning in theSargassum muticumshoot apex

Linardić

Braybrook

2017

Preprint

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In plants and parenchymatous brown algae the body arises through the activity of an apical meristem (a niche of cells or a single cell). The meristem produces lateral organs in specific patterns, referred to as phyllotaxis. In plants, two different control mechanisms have been proposed – one is position-dependent and relies on morphogen accumulation at future organ sites whereas the other is a lineage-based system which links phyllotaxis to the apical cell division pattern. Here we examine the apical patterning of the brown alga, Sargassum muticum, which exhibits spiral phyllotaxis (137.5° angle) and an unlinked apical cell division pattern. The Sargassum apex presents characteristics of a self-organising system, similar to plant meristems. We were unable to correlate the plant morphogen auxin with bud positioning in Sargassum, nor could we predict cell wall softening at new bud sites. Our data suggests that in Sargassum muticum there is no connection between phyllotaxis and the apical cell division pattern indicating a position-dependent patterning mechanism may be in place. The underlying mechanisms behind the phyllotactic patterning appear to be distinct from those seen in plants.SummaryThe brown alga Sargassum muticum displays spiral phyllotaxis developed from a position-dependent self-organising mechanism, different from that understood in plants.

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“…Subsequent elongation of the phytomer then leads to the species‐specific spacing patterns observed between the individual segments. For the radial patterns circumscribing the shoot, lateral organ placement can occur in whorled, distichous (alternate), decussate (opposite) as well as spiral arrangements—the latter invoking the famous Fibonacci sequence . Auxin, a phytohormone produced in the SAM, has been shown to have a central role in lateral organ formation and thus phyllotaxis.…”

Section: Positional Information Directional Growth and The Periodicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the radial patterns circumscribing the shoot, lateral organ placement can occur in whorled, distichous (alternate), decussate (opposite) as well as spiral arrangements-the latter invoking the famous Fibonacci sequence. [63][64][65] Auxin, a phytohormone produced in the SAM, has been shown to have a central role in lateral organ formation and thus phyllotaxis. Indeed, micro-manipulations of auxin concentration reveal that when auxin levels decrease, stem cells start to differentiate.…”

Section: Plant Shoot Segmentation: Repetitive Patterns Of Phytomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sense of place, many times over ‐ pattern formation and evolution of repetitive morphological structures

Grall

Tschopp

2019

Developmental Dynamics

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Fifty years ago, Lewis Wolpert introduced the concept of “positional information” to explain how patterns form in a multicellular embryonic field. Using morphogen gradients, whose continuous distributions of positional values are discretized via thresholds into distinct cellular states, he provided, at the theoretical level, an elegant solution to the “French Flag problem.” In the intervening years, many experimental studies have lent support to Wolpert's ideas. However, the embryonic patterning of highly repetitive morphological structures, as often occurring in nature, can reveal limitations in the strict implementation of his initial theory, given the number of distinct threshold values that would have to be specified. Here, we review how positional information is complemented to circumvent these inadequacies, to accommodate tissue growth and pattern periodicity. In particular, we focus on functional anatomical assemblies composed of such structures, like the vertebrate spine or tetrapod digits, where the resulting segmented architecture is intrinsically linked to periodic pattern formation and unidirectional growth. These systems integrate positional information and growth with additional patterning cues that, we suggest, increase robustness and evolvability. We discuss different experimental and theoretical models to study such patterning systems, and how the underlying processes are modulated over evolutionary timescales to enable morphological diversification.

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Diversity of phyllotaxis in land plants in reference to the shoot apical meristem structure

Cited by 25 publications

References 117 publications

Towards an understanding of spiral patterning in the Sargassum muticum shoot apex

Towards an understanding of spiral patterning in the Sargassum muticum shoot apex

Towards an understanding of spiral patterning in theSargassum muticumshoot apex

A sense of place, many times over ‐ pattern formation and evolution of repetitive morphological structures

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