Diversity of Phytoplasmas Infecting Fruit Trees and Their Vectors in Croatia

Križanac, Ivana; Mikec, Ivan; Budinšćak, Željko; Musić, Martina Šeruga; Škorić, Dijana

doi:10.1007/bf03356362

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, concerning fruit trees the subgroup 16SrI‐B was reported in Pyrus communis L., P. persica and P. salicina Lindl. in Croatia (Križanac et al, ). ‘ Ca .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cixiid survey for natural potential vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium’ in Lebanon and preliminary transmission trials

Tedeschi

Picciau

Quaglino

et al. 2015

Annals of Applied Biology

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Almond witches'-broom (AlmWB) disease, associated with 'Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium', is an emerging threat with real risk of introduction in Euro-Mediterranean Countries. Its rapid spread over large geographical areas suggests the presence of efficient insect vector(s). In the present work, a survey on cixiids was carried out in Lebanon in the years 2010-2013 in AlmWB-infested almond and nectarine orchards. Insects were collected by means of different methods, identified with a stereo microscope, and analysed for phytoplasma identification through 16S rDNA PCR-based amplification and nucleotide sequence analyses. Preliminary transmission trials were performed with the most abundant species. A list of the cixiid genera and species present in the studied area is given as well as some information about their biology. 'Ca. Phytoplasma phoenicium' strains were detected in the genera Cixius, Tachycixius, Eumecurus and Hyalesthes. Preliminary trials revealed that Tachycixius specimens were able to transmit the detected strains to healthy peach potted seedlings. Further studies are required to better clarify the taxonomic status and the bio-ethology of collected planthoppers and deeply study their role as phytoplasma vectors.

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“…Moreover, concerning fruit trees the subgroup 16SrI‐B was reported in Pyrus communis L., P. persica and P. salicina Lindl. in Croatia (Križanac et al, ). ‘ Ca .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cixiid survey for natural potential vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium’ in Lebanon and preliminary transmission trials

Tedeschi

Picciau

Quaglino

et al. 2015

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…It is known that C. pyri and C. pyricola are vectors of high host specificity in transmitting the 16SrX-C group to pear trees (Jensen et al, 1964;Carraro et al, 1998;Delic et al, 2007;Križanac et al, 2010), particularly C. pyricola in Canada that transmits pear decline (Olivier et al, 2009). However, no Cacopsylla sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification ofGraminella nigrifronsas a potential vector for phytoplasmas affectingPrunusandPyrusspecies in Canada

Arocha-Rosete¹,

Kent

Agrawal³

et al. 2011

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Prunus and Pyrus species affected with phytoplasma diseases, as well as leafhopper species collected from Prunus and Pyrus fields in Ontario, Canada were tested for presence of phytoplasmas. Preliminary results showed that Graminella nigrifrons is a potential vector for phytoplasma groups 16SrI-W ('Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'), and 16SrVII-A ('Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini') to a variety of plant hosts, including peach, apricot, plum and pear. Results showed that G. nigrifrons may be able to transmit both phytoplasma groups simultaneously within the same location and suggest that G. nigrifrons populations appear to have a complex ecology.Résumé: Des espèces de Prunus et de Pyrus affectées par la phytoplasmose, de même que des espèces de cicadelles collectées dans des champs de Prunus et de Pyrus en Ontario, au Canada, ont été testées pour y déceler des phytoplasmes. Les résultats préliminaires ont montré que Graminella nigrifrons est un vecteur potentiel des groupes de phytoplasmes 16SrI-W ('Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris') et 16SrVII-A ('Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini'), susceptible de les transmettre à une variété de plantes hôtes, y compris le pêcher, l'abricotier, le prunier et le poirier. Les résultats ont montré que G. nigrifrons peut transmettre simultanément les deux groupes de phytoplasmes en un même endroit, et suggèrent que les populations de G. nigrifrons semblent afficher une écologie complexe.

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“…Mixed infections by bacterial pathogens are commonly observed in the phloem of a single plant. The simultaneous occurrence of multiple pathogens, either related or phylogenetically distant, is rather frequent in single herbaceous plants and trees of many families (Križanac et al., ; Nicolaisen et al., ; Arratia‐Castro et al., ; Satta et al., ; Swisher et al., ). Throughout its life cycle, a single insect may feed on several plants of the same or different species, probably being exposed to mixed pathogen infections.…”

Section: Multiple Pathogen Infections and Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple guests in a single host: interactions across symbiotic and phytopathogenic bacteria in phloem‐feeding vectors – a review

Gonella

Tedeschi

Crotti

et al. 2019

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Some pathogenic phloem‐limited bacteria are a major threat for worldwide agriculture due to the heavy economic losses caused to many high‐value crops. These disease agents – phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, liberibacters, and Arsenophonus‐like bacteria – are transmitted from plant to plant by phloem‐feeding Hemiptera vectors. The associations established among pathogens and vectors result in a complex network of interactions involving also the whole microbial community harboured by the insect host. Interactions among bacteria may be beneficial, competitive, or detrimental for the involved microorganisms, and can dramatically affect the insect vector competence and consequently the spread of diseases. Interference is observed among pathogen strains competing to invade the same vector specimen, causing selective acquisition or transmission. Insect bacterial endosymbionts are another pivotal element of interactions between vectors and phytopathogens, because of their central role in insect life cycles. Some symbionts, either obligate or facultative, were shown to have antagonistic effects on the colonization by plant pathogens, by producing antimicrobial substances, by stimulating the production of antimicrobial substances by insects, or by competing for host infection. In other cases, the mutual exclusion between symbiont and pathogen suggests a possible detrimental influence on phytopathogens displayed by symbiotic bacteria; conversely, examples of microbes enhancing pathogen load are available as well. Whether and how bacterial exchanges occurring in vectors affect the relationship between insects, plants, and phytopathogens is still unresolved, leaving room for many open questions concerning the significance of particular traits of these multitrophic interactions. Such complex interplays may have a serious impact on pathogen spread and control, potentially driving new strategies for the containment of important diseases.

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Diversity of Phytoplasmas Infecting Fruit Trees and Their Vectors in Croatia

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

A cixiid survey for natural potential vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium’ in Lebanon and preliminary transmission trials

A cixiid survey for natural potential vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium’ in Lebanon and preliminary transmission trials

Identification ofGraminella nigrifronsas a potential vector for phytoplasmas affectingPrunusandPyrusspecies in Canada

Multiple guests in a single host: interactions across symbiotic and phytopathogenic bacteria in phloem‐feeding vectors – a review

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