Diversity, regulation, and evolution of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway in fungi compared to plants and bacteria

Bömke, Christiane; Tudzynski, Bettina

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.05.020

Cited by 289 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Our failure to identify fungal genomic sequence related to known taxane-specific sequences from yew trees led us to conclude that taxane biosynthesis in endophytes may have evolved independently, as is the case for gibberellins, whose biosynthesis pathway differs between microbes and plants (Tudzynski and Hölter 1998;Bömke and Tudzynski 2009). To further examine the potential for independent taxane biosynthesis by endophytes, we sequenced the EF0021 genome using a shotgun sequencing approach, yielding 2,234,101 sequence reads with an average length of 390 bp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terpene synthase 0021_TS_1762 remains the only candidate for an enzyme that might be involved in diterpenoid metabolism, although the absence of a Taxomyces andreanae ortholog argues against the hypothesis that this enzyme is a fungal taxadiene synthase. Even if the pathway evolved independently in fungi and plants, as is thought to be the case for gibberellin biosynthesis (Bömke and Tudzynski 2009), enzymes that catalyze the complex synthesis of taxadiene should have a common evolutionary origin and should therefore show evidence of significant sequence similarity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Getting to the bottom of Taxol biosynthesis by fungi

2013

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Taxol (paclitaxel) is a highly-oxygenated diterpenoid natural product first isolated from the pacific yew tree (Taxus brevifolia). It is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs. Soon after the discovery of its unique mode of action and the resulting high demand, an extensive search was initiated for alternative sources to replace the slow-growing and scarce pacific yew. Thus far, however, Taxol and related compounds have only been found in the genus Taxus, which comprises a small number of slow-growing plants with a broad but generally isolated geographical distribution. In 1993, Stierle and colleagues reported the independent biosynthesis of Taxol in an endophytic fungus isolated from Taxus brevifolia, which resulted in more than 160 subsequent publications and patents addressing the biosynthesis of Taxol and related taxanes by microorganisms. The literature on fungal taxane synthesis contains numerous inconsistencies, prompting us to thoroughly re-examine Taxol biosynthesis in endophytic fungi associated with Taxus spp. Using a combination of phytochemistry, molecular biology and genome sequencing, we were unable to find any evidence for independent taxane biosynthesis in any of the endophytes, including the isolate described in the original publication (Taxomyces andreanae) and several more recent isolates from Taxus trees. Our findings therefore resolve a long-standing mystery concerning the evolution of a complex terpenoid biosynthetic pathway in two distantly-related organisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting to the bottom of Taxol biosynthesis by fungi

2013

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“…However, consistent with the apparent gap in GA genes in algae, and the wide phylogenetic distance between fungi and land plants, it appears that the seed plants have not 'inherited' the same set of GA synthesis genes as the fungi (Bömke and Tudzynski 2009). This is because in fungi, the enzymes catalysing the later steps in GA synthesis are not 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases but are cytochrome p450s instead (Bömke and Tudzynski 2009;Fig. 3).…”

Section: Gibberellinsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evolution of growth-promoting plant hormones

Ross

Reid

2010

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. The plant growth hormones auxin, gibberellins (GAs) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are major determinants of plant growth and development. Recently, key signalling components for these hormones have been identified in vascular plants and, at least for the GAs and BRs, biosynthetic pathways have been clarified. The genome sequencing of a range of species, including a few non-flowering plants, has allowed insight into the evolution of the hormone systems. It appears that the moss Physcomitrella patens can respond to auxin and contains key elements of the auxin signalling pathway, although there is some doubt as to whether it shows a fully developed rapid auxin response. On the other hand, P. patens does not show a GA response, even though it contains genes for components of GA signalling. The GA response system appears to be more advanced in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii than in P. patens. Signalling systems for BRs probably arose after the evolutionary divergence of the mosses and vascular plants, although detailed information is limited. Certainly, the processes affected by the growth hormones (e.g. GAs) can differ in the different plant groups, and there is evidence that with the evolution of the angiosperms, the hormone systems have become more complex at the gene level. The intermediate nature of mosses in terms of overall hormone biology allows us to speculate about the possible relationship between the evolution of plant growth hormones and the evolution of terrestrial vascular plants in general.

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“…The gibberellins, defined as a group of naturally occurring plant hormones containing the tetracyclic system, are well-known phytohormones (Bömke and Tudzynski, 2009). Among the gibberellins, the most predominant is gibberellic acid (gibberellin A3 or GA), because of its frequency and high-level occurrence in microbial fermentations as well as its high biological activity in plants (Rademacher, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellic Acid Production by Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger Using Submerged Fermentation of Banana Peel

Omojasola

Adejoro

2018

Not Sci Biol

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The present study aimed to produce gibberellic acid through fermentation using banana (Musa sapientum) peel waste as substrate. Banana peel, a domestic and industrial waste, constitutes a potential source of cheap fermentable substrate for the production of other value-added products. Fusarium moniliforme ATCC 10052 and Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88 were used as fermenting organisms. The substrate was dried, ground and its proximate composition determined. The powdered substrate was added to a modified CzapekDox broth (a semisynthetic medium), with Carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) as control. The fermentation conditions were: pH 5.5; inoculum size 1% (5 × 10 5 spores/mL F. moniliforme) (2 × 10 6 spores/mL A. niger); substrate concentration 2 g; temperature 25 ± 2 o C; fermentation time 7 days. The fermentation was optimized by varying pH, inoculum size, substrate concentration and fermentation time. The extracted GA was subjected to infra-red spectroscopy using FT-IR. The parameters which gave the highest GA yields were thereafter combined in a single fermentation. The results of proximate analysis of banana peel substrate revealed 8.65% moisture, 9.54% protein, 5.40% lipids, 11.45% ash, 22.34% crude fibre, and 42.62% carbohydrate. The GA yields of 13.55 g/L and 12.44 g/L were produced from the banana peel substrate and 3.62 and 2.61 g/L from the CMC control by F. moniliforme and A. niger respectively. Under optimized conditions, F. moniliforme produced 17.48 g/L GA, while A. niger produced 13.50 g/L. Extracted GA was similar to standard GA sample and the present results support the potential use of banana peel for fermentative GA production.

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Diversity, regulation, and evolution of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway in fungi compared to plants and bacteria

Cited by 289 publications

References 152 publications

Getting to the bottom of Taxol biosynthesis by fungi

Getting to the bottom of Taxol biosynthesis by fungi

Evolution of growth-promoting plant hormones

Gibberellic Acid Production by Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger Using Submerged Fermentation of Banana Peel

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