Diving behaviour of benthic feeding Black Guillemots

Shoji, Akiko; Elliott, Kyle H.; Greenwood, Julian G.; McClean, L. G.; Leonard, Kerry; Perrins, C. M.; Fayet, Annette L.; Guilford, Tim

doi:10.1080/00063657.2015.1017800

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Many movement studies use path segmentation techniques to detect search behavior; however, many of these are unvalidated estimates of search due to the lack of a second data stream for ground‐truthing. Validation of prey capture attempts has been achieved using animal‐borne cameras (Bicknell, Godley, Sheehan, Votier, & Witt, ; Moll, Millspaugh, Beringer, Sartwell, & He, ), time–depth recorders (Dean et al., ; Shoji et al., ; Tinker, Costa, Estes, & Wieringa, ), stomach loggers (Weimerskirch, Gault, & Cherel, ), and accelerometers (Hansen, Lascelles, Keene, Adams, & Thomson, ; Sato et al., ) among others. However, many of these technologies are either expensive resulting in small sample sizes or are too large to deploy on animals in combination with location loggers without significant adverse impacts (Barron, Brawn, & Weatherhead, ; Hammerschlag, Gallagher, & Lazarre, ; Vandenabeele, Shepard, Grogan, & Wilson, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search and foraging behaviors from movement data: A comparison of methods

Bennison

Bearhop

Bodey

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Search behavior is often used as a proxy for foraging effort within studies of animal movement, despite it being only one part of the foraging process, which also includes prey capture. While methods for validating prey capture exist, many studies rely solely on behavioral annotation of animal movement data to identify search and infer prey capture attempts. However, the degree to which search correlates with prey capture is largely untested. This study applied seven behavioral annotation methods to identify search behavior from GPS tracks of northern gannets (Morus bassanus), and compared outputs to the occurrence of dives recorded by simultaneously deployed time–depth recorders. We tested how behavioral annotation methods vary in their ability to identify search behavior leading to dive events. There was considerable variation in the number of dives occurring within search areas across methods. Hidden Markov models proved to be the most successful, with 81% of all dives occurring within areas identified as search. k‐Means clustering and first passage time had the highest rates of dives occurring outside identified search behavior. First passage time and hidden Markov models had the lowest rates of false positives, identifying fewer search areas with no dives. All behavioral annotation methods had advantages and drawbacks in terms of the complexity of analysis and ability to reflect prey capture events while minimizing the number of false positives and false negatives. We used these results, with consideration of analytical difficulty, to provide advice on the most appropriate methods for use where prey capture behavior is not available. This study highlights a need to critically assess and carefully choose a behavioral annotation method suitable for the research question being addressed, or resulting species management frameworks established.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Search and foraging behaviors from movement data: A comparison of methods

Bennison

Bearhop

Bodey

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Black guillemots and European shags forage primarily upon benthic and epi-benthic prey near the seabed (Wanless and Harris, 2004;Masden et al, 2013;Shoji et al, 2015). Sympatric species exploiting similar resources are expected to show differences in their foraging strategies to reduce levels of interspecific competition, facilitating their co-occurrence (Chase, 2011).…”

Section: Occupancy Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictable hydrodynamic conditions explain temporal variations in the density of benthic foraging seabirds in a tidal stream environment

et al. 2016

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Tidal stream turbines could have several direct impacts upon pursuit-diving seabirds foraging within tidal stream environments (mean horizontal current speeds > 2 ms À1 ), including collisions and displacement. Understanding how foraging seabirds respond to temporally variable but predictable hydrodynamic conditions immediately around devices could identify when interactions between seabirds and devices are most likely to occur; information which would quantify the magnitude of potential impacts, and also facilitate the development of suitable mitigation measures. This study uses shore-based observational surveys and Finite Volume Community Ocean Model outputs to test whether temporally predictable hydrodynamic conditions (horizontal current speeds, water elevation, turbulence) influenced the density of foraging black guillemots Cepphus grylle and European shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis in a tidal stream environment in Orkney, United Kingdom, during the breeding season. These species are particularly vulnerable to interactions with devices due to their tendency to exploit benthic and epi-benthic prey on or near the seabed. The density of both species decreased as a function of horizontal current speeds, whereas the density of black guillemots also decreased as a function of water elevation. These relationships could be linked to higher energetic costs of dives in particularly fast horizontal current speeds (>3 ms À1 ) and deeper water. Therefore, interactions between these species and moving components seem unlikely at particularly high horizontal current speeds. Combining this information, with that on the rotation rates of moving components at lower horizontal current speeds, could be used to assess collision risk in this site during breeding seasons. It is also likely that moderating any device operation during both lowest water elevation and lowest horizontal current speeds could reduce the risk of collisions for these species in this site during this season. The approaches used in this study could have useful applications within Environmental Impact Assessments, and should be considered when assessing and mitigating negative impacts from specific devices within development sites.

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“…R. Soc. B 288: 20210459 of two study sites [21], while others found no evidence that the IPQ correlated with the number of dives per bout [20,29]. Although the majority of these studies found positive correlations between the IPQ and other potential proxies of quality, the scarcity of validations from direct measures of prey abundance and the lack of a standard 'behavioural' royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rspb Proc.…”

Section: Empirical Validations Of the Index Of Patch Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical evaluation of the index of patch quality

Fayet

Houston

2021

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The inverse optimality approach can allow us to learn about an animal's environment by assuming their behaviour is optimal. This approach has been applied to animals diving underwater for food to produce the index of patch quality (IPQ), which aims to provide a proxy for prey abundance or quality in a foraging patch based on the animal's diving behaviour. The IPQ has been used in several empirical studies but has never been evaluated theoretically. Here, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the IPQ approach from a theoretical angle and review the empirical evidence supporting its use. We highlight several potential issues, in particular with the gain function—the function describing the energetic gain of an animal during a dive—used to calculate the IPQ. We investigate an alternative gain function which is appropriate in some cases, provide a new model based on this function, and discuss differences between the IPQ model and ours. We also find that there is little supporting empirical evidence justifying the general use of the IPQ and suggest future empirical validation methods which could help strengthen the case for the IPQ. Our findings have implications for the field of diving ecology and habitat assessment.

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Diving behaviour of benthic feeding Black Guillemots

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Search and foraging behaviors from movement data: A comparison of methods

Search and foraging behaviors from movement data: A comparison of methods

Predictable hydrodynamic conditions explain temporal variations in the density of benthic foraging seabirds in a tidal stream environment

A critical evaluation of the index of patch quality

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