DL-3-n-butylphthalide ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive decline by enhancing PI3K/Akt signaling and suppressing oxidative stress

L-Arginine Alleviates LPS-induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via Activating SIRT1-AKT-Nrf2 and SIRT1-FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in C2C12 Myotube Cells

“…Although the present study has con rmed that L-Arg activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway and improved the antioxidant capacity in myotube cells, how L-Arg regulates the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 is still unclear. Parallel studies have found that Akt activated the expression of Nrf2 to inhibit oxidative stress [8,10,44]. In addition, phosphorylated Akt enhances Nrf2 nuclear translocation and protects against AlCl 3mediated oxidative stress in PC12 cells [9].…”

“…Two types of antioxidant defense systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, have been evolved in vertebrates to scavenge surplus ROS and maintain redox homeostasis [7]. Numerous studies have con rmed that the protein kinase B (Akt)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating the expression of antioxidant genes and eventually alleviating oxidative stress [8,9]. In response to the multiple stimuli, phosphorylated Akt activates the expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus and thus improves the levels of downstream antioxidant genes [10].…”

Advances in the Relationship Between Pyroptosis and Diabetic Neuropathy

“…It has also been found that Loganin inhibits the formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and reduces pyroptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and NF-κB–P2X 7 R–TNXIP signaling pathway in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) ( Cheng et al, 2020 ). In our previous studies, we also found that mitochondrial damage-induced excessive ROS level is an important induction mechanism of diabetes-induced nerve damage, such as diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction ( Wang B. N. et al, 2021 ), diabetic embryonic neural tube malformation ( Wang F. et al, 2017 ), and DPN ( Li et al, 2021 ). Thus, the improvement of mitochondrial function and inhibition of oxidative stress are of great significance to the reduction of pyroptosis, the survival of nerve cells, and the recovery of nerve injury under diabetic condition.…”

Rapid and improved oral absorption of N-butylphthalide by sodium cholate-appended liposomes for efficient ischemic stroke therapy

“…To investigate the brain-accumulation properties of NBP-loaded CA-liposomes, the key targeting indexes of major tissues involving the relative uptake efficiency (Re) and concentration efficiency (Ce) were calculated as follows (Li et al., 2018 ). (Wang et al., 2014 ) (Wang et al., 2021 )…”

“…N-butylphthalide (NBP), a natural oily compound extracted from celery seeds, has been approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China for the treatment of ischemic stroke (Wang et al., 2014 ). Numerous studies have reported that NBP exhibited multi-target neuroprotective effects on ischemia such as decreasing brain edema, improving microcirculation in the ischemic region, inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing apoptosis as well as protecting the BBB (Chen et al., 2020 ; Li et al., 2021 ; Liu et al., 2021 ; Wang et al., 2021 ). NBP sodium chloride injection using HP-β-CD as a drug solubilizer is already available in the market and demonstrates efficient stroke treatment as highly lipophilic NBP realized good penetration through BBB (Chen et al., 2017 ).…”