DNA Barcode of Mountain White-Eye Zosterops montanus (Aves: Zosteropidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase Sub Unit I

Abstract

The study aimed to describe the genetic characteristic, single nucleotide polymorphism, genetic distance, and phylogenetic of mountain white-eye Zosterops montanus based on mitochondrial DNA CO1 gene and carried out in March-June 2020. A sample of the bird was taken from Pasar Minggu, Bengkulu city. The blood sample was taken from the pectoral vein, and the DNA genome was isolated using DNeasy® Blood and Tissue Kit based on Spin-Column Protocol procedure, Qiagen. The CO1 gene was amplified using a polymerase chain reaction technique, electrophoresis on 1.2% agarose gel, and visualized with a UV transilluminator. The results showed that the gene size of CO1 mitochondrial DNA from Z. montanus (n=5) is 751 bp, obtained conservative sites (C) 745 sites, variations (V) six sites, the parsimony of information (Pi) four sites, and singleton sites (S) two sites. The highest nucleotide base composition was cytosine (C) and the lowest guanine (G), while the highest nucleotide combined composition of adenine-thymine (AT) and the lowest guanine-cytosine (GC). We found six single nucleotide polymorphisms were evenly distributed between 9-732 sites. Average intraspecific genetic distance was 0.4%, interspecific genetic distance 4%, and between groups 1 and 2 separated from the outgroup (group 3) with a genetic distance of 12.5%.