The study aimed to describe the genetic characteristic, single nucleotide polymorphism, genetic distance, and phylogenetic of mountain white-eye Zosterops montanus based on mitochondrial DNA CO1 gene and carried out in March-June 2020. A sample of the bird was taken from Pasar Minggu, Bengkulu city. The blood sample was taken from the pectoral vein, and the DNA genome was isolated using DNeasy® Blood and Tissue Kit based on Spin-Column Protocol procedure, Qiagen. The CO1 gene was amplified using a polymerase chain reaction technique, electrophoresis on 1.2% agarose gel, and visualized with a UV transilluminator. The results showed that the gene size of CO1 mitochondrial DNA from Z. montanus (n=5) is 751 bp, obtained conservative sites (C) 745 sites, variations (V) six sites, the parsimony of information (Pi) four sites, and singleton sites (S) two sites. The highest nucleotide base composition was cytosine (C) and the lowest guanine (G), while the highest nucleotide combined composition of adenine-thymine (AT) and the lowest guanine-cytosine (GC). We found six single nucleotide polymorphisms were evenly distributed between 9-732 sites. Average intraspecific genetic distance was 0.4%, interspecific genetic distance 4%, and between groups 1 and 2 separated from the outgroup (group 3) with a genetic distance of 12.5%.

The purpose of this research was to explore the genetic variation of Black Capped White eye Zosterops articapilla using the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene. The blood sample was collected via pectoral vein of bird from Panorama markets, Bengkulu city. DNA genome were isolated and purified from the blood following DNeasy protocol® Blood and Tissue Kit cat no. 69504 (50), based on Qiagen's Spin-Column Protocol procedure. We used polymerase chain reaction machine for amplification DNA template with specific primer (ZCYTBF and ZCYTBR). The results showed that length of cyt b gene sequence (n=6) was 725 bp and had 717 bp (98.89%) conservative site. The average of intraspecific genetic distance was 0.04, interspecific 0.063, and between Indonesian and overseas (outgroup) was 0.138.

The study aims to determine the genetic character of Black-capped white-eye (Zosterops articapilla) using the mtDNA COI gene. Blood sample was collected from bird market in Bengkulu city and its DNA genome isolation and purification following the Protocols of Dneasy® Blood and Tissue Kit Cat no 69504 (50) based on the procedure of Spin-Column Protocol, Qiagen. We used polymerase chain reaction machine for amplification DNA template with specific primer (ZCOIF and ZCOIR). The results showed that there are nucleotide variations on five individual Black-capped white-eye with the COI gene sequence length 750 bp. We found of conservative site (C) is 743 sites, variations (V) seven sites, parsimony (Pi) four sites, singleton (S) three sites, and nucleotide base pairs of Zosterops atricapilla to adenine and thymine (AT) 55.9% and guanine and cytosine (GC) 44.1%. Fifth individual of Black-capped white-eye are separated with average intraspecies genetic distance 0.4%, while its interspecific genetic distance is 3.47% and with the outgroup 12.1%. We think, these COI gene sequences very important to quick identification and could be used as a forensic tool in preventing its trafficking.