DNA damage in male gonad cells of Green mussel (Perna viridis) upon exposure to tobacco products

Abstract

DNA damage (determined by the Comet Assay) and the occurrence of deformed nuclei were measured as endpoints of genotoxicity in male gonad cells of the marine mussel (Perna viridis). Upon exposure of the organism to varying concentrations of extracts of smoked and non-smoked cigar tobacco over a period of 16 days, DNA damage was found to be highest in marine mussels exposed to extracts of smoked cigar tobacco. Conversely, more deformed nuclei were detected in marine mussels exposed to extracts of non-smoked cigar tobacco. The level of DNA damage and the number of deformed nuclei reach a maximum at day 12 of exposure to both extracts but decrease thereafter. This phenomenon is attributed to the organism's capacity to maintain the integrity of its genetic material upon exposure to potential genotoxicants present in the tobacco extracts. A dose response in DNA damage and deformed nuclei was also detected in isolated gonad cells upon in vitro exposure to hydrogen peroxide a known DNA strand breaking agent. The results of this study indicate that the DNA in male gonad cells of the marine mussel is damaged upon exposure to genotoxicants, and suggests the suitability of the organism for future investigations into the effect of such agents on its reproductive capacities.

Reduction of oxidative stress by bioaugmented strain Pseudomonas sp. HF-1 and selection of potential biomarkers in sequencing batch reactor treating tobacco wastewater

“…Nicotine in tobacco wastewater is the main toxic component to the microorganisms in the activated sludge of both systems. The increased ROS generated by nicotine could produce an oxidative stress that inevitably resulted in DNA damage and inactivation of many enzymes (Nagarajappa and Goswami 2006;Sudheer et al 2007). However, the oxidative stress induced by nicotine could be reduced by antioxidant enzymes in the nicotine-degrading strain Pseudomonas sp.…”

Effect of Transient Nicotine Load Shock on the Performance ofPseudomonassp. HF-1 Bioaugmented Sequencing Batch Reactors

“…After the influent concentrations of nicotine returned to 250 mg/L and performed for 8 cycles, the content of MDA decreased below the control level in 14th d. However, the ROS value in R5-R6 was still higher than the initial level. ROS could produce a variety of oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inactivation of many enzymes [11,26]. Though lipid peroxidation was recovered, other kinds of oxidative stress could put the native microorganisms into suffering longer, which is possibly one of the main reasons for nonrecovery of TOC removal.…”

Methods for Genotoxicity Testing of Environmental Pollutants

“…The test has been applied to a broader range of aquatic organisms such as algae (Erbes et al 1997;Aoyama et al 2003), mussels (Nagarajappa et al 2006;Rank et al 2007), amphibians (Mouchet et al 2006;Huang et al 2007) and fish (Masuda et al 2004;Kosmehl et al 2008). The advantages of the comet assay include the following: (a) genotoxic damage is detected at the single cell level; (b) most eukaryotic cell types are suitable for the assay; (c) only a small number of cells are required; (d) it is generally faster to conduct and more sensitive than other available methods for the assessment of strand breaks; (e) DNA strand breaks form quickly following genotoxic exposure, allowing for an early response evaluation on biota.…”