DNA demethylation and decrease on free polyamines is associated with the embryogenic capacity of Pinus nigra Arn. cell culture

Abstract

Embryogenic cell lines initiated from immature zygotic embryos of Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. Austriaca were characterized in terms of macromorphological traits (colour, bipolar structures formation, germination ability) and their embryogenic potential was defined as high, medium or null. Quantification of global genomic DNA methylation revealed the existence of specific DNA methylation levels for the determinated embryogenic potentials. The line considered as effectively embryogenic, i.e., with the ability of develop the whole embryogenic program and producing plants, showed the lowest methylation levels. There was also proved the existence of an inverse relationship between total contents of free PAs and embryogenic potential, being the highest contents of free putrescine and spermidine in the non-embryogenic line and the lowest in the effectively embryogenic one. Relationships among DNA methylation levels, profiles of free individual polyamine contents and embryogenic potentials based on the ability to produce well-formed somatic embryos with effective plant conversion are discussed.

Azacitidine (5-AzaC)-treatment and mutations in DNA methylase genes affect embryogenic response and expression of the genes that are involved in somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis

“…In line with this postulate, we observed a significantly decreased level of 5 mC in the embryogenic culture of Arabidopsis and the reduction in the DNA methylation level has also been associated with SE induction in other plants (Santos and Fevereiro 2002;Xu et al 2004;Noceda et al 2009;Rodríguez-Sanz et al 2014;Teyssier et al 2014). However, in some plants, an increased (Fraga et al 2012;Rival et al 2013), differentially modulated (Leljak-Levanić et al 2004;Nic-Can et al 2013) and steady (Parra et al 2001) level of DNA methylation during SE has been reported.…”

Role of Polyamines in Efficiency of Norway Spruce (Hurst Ecotype) Somatic Embryogenesis

“…Similarly, contents of PAs (higher Spd than Put levels) could be used as criteria for the physiological characterization of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus nigra Arn. (Noceda et al, 2009). Furthermore, the important role of cellular levels of metabolically active free PAs, especially contents of Spd, was shown to be essential for preservation of embryogenic potential of Norway spruce cultures after cryopreservation (Vondráková et al, 2010).…”

Analysis of Two Clonal Lines (Embryogenic and Non-Embryogenic) of <i>Agave fourcroydes</i> Using AFLP and MSAP

“…Samples were collected before the induction (day 0, prior to induction) and during induction (days 1,3,7,15,30,45). Three replicates were made each day, each of which consisted of segmented stems from different individuals on the corresponding sampling day.…”

“…It has been observed that the decrease in DNA methylation is related to the developmental process [7] [63] [64] [65] [66].…”