DNA Immunization with Na
 +
 -K
 +
 ATPase (
 Sseat-6
 ) Induces Protective Immunity to Larval
 Strongyloides stercoralis
 in Mice

Kerepesi, Laura A.; Keiser, Paul B.; Nolan, Thomas J.; Schad, Gerhard A.; Abraham, David; Nutman, Thomas B.

doi:10.1128/iai.73.4.2298-2305.2005

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…No protective vaccine currently exists. However, a recent animal study demonstrated that DNA immunization with Na+K+ATPase induced protective immunity to challenge with Strongyloides larvae in mice [48].…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised host

Ramanathan

Nutman²

2008

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode acquired in the tropics or subtropics. Most often, it causes chronic, asymptomatic infection, but a change in immune status can increase parasite numbers, leading to hyperinfection syndrome, dissemination, and death if unrecognized. Corticosteroid use is most commonly associated with hyperinfection syndrome. Diagnosis of Strongyloides infection is based on serology and serial stool examinations for larvae. The treatment of choice for chronic, asymptomatic infection is oral ivermectin. Alternative pharmacologic agents include albendazole and thiabendazole. For hyperinfection syndrome, ivermectin remains the drug of choice, though therapy duration must be individualized with the end point being complete parasite eradication. Recurrent strongyloidiasis should prompt an evaluation for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 coinfection. No test of cure is currently available, although immunoglobulin G antibody levels have been shown to decline within 6 months of successful treatment.

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Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised host

Ramanathan

Nutman²

2008

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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“…Three antigens, Ss-TMY-1, Ss-EAT-6, Ss-LEC-5 were selected because of their recognition by IgG from humans which was effective at killing the worms in collaboration with cells. In addition, Ss-eat-6 induced a significant reduction in larval survival after DNA immunization [23]. Two antigens, Ss-NIE-1 and Ss-IR, were selected based on their high degree of immunogenicity in humans infected with S. stercoralis [27, 29–31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When used in DNA-based immunization protocols, only Ss-eat-6 induced a 35% reduction in larval survival. Serum from mice immunized with the DNA encoding Ss-eat-6 was also capable of transferring this partial immunity [23]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alum was selected as the adjuvant to be used in these studies based on past performance in vaccines against S. stercoralis [20, 22] and because it preferentially induces Th2 responses [24–25], which are critical in the protective immune response induced by live S. stercoralis larvae [26]. Antigens selected for this study were either recognized by protective human IgG (Ss-TMY-1 Ss-EAT-6, and Ss-LEC-5 [23]) or were known to be highly immunogenic in humans and Strongyloides -specific (Ss-NIE-1 and Ss-IR [27]). Of the five antigens tested, only Ss-IR was able to consistently induce a high level of antibody dependent protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunization with the recombinant antigen Ss-IR induces protective immunity to infection with Strongyloides stercoralis in mice

Abraham¹,

Hess²,

Mejia³

et al. 2011

Vaccine

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Human intestinal infections with the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis remain a significant problem worldwide and a vaccine would be a useful addition to the tools available to prevent and control this infection. The goal of this study was to test single antigens for their efficacy in a vaccine against S. stercoralis larvae in mice. Alum was used as the adjuvant in these studies and antigens selected for analysis were either recognized by protective human IgG (Ss-TMY-1, Ss-EAT-6, and Ss-LEC-5) or were known to be highly immunogenic in humans (Ss-NIE-1 and Ss-IR). Only mice immunized with the Ss-IR antigen demonstrated a significant decrease of approximately 80% in the survival of larval parasites in the challenge infection. Antibodies, recovered from mice with protective immunity to S. stercoralis after immunization with Ss-IR, were used to locate the antigen in the larvae. Confocal microscopy revealed that IgG from mice immunized with Ss-IR bound to the surface of the parasites and observations by electron microscopy indicated that IgG bound to granules in the glandular esophagus. Serum collected from mice immunized with Ss-IR passively transferred immunity to naïve mice. These studies demonstrate that Ss-IR, in combination with alum, induces high levels of protective immunity through an antibody dependent mechanism and may therefore be suitable for further development as a vaccine against human strongyloidiasis.

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“…86 In another study, intradermal vaccination of mice with Na + -K + ATPase DNA significantly reduced larval survival. 87 Protective IgG from mice immunized with live L3 requires complement activation and neutrophils for the killing of L3 through an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mechanism. 88 Abraham et al showed that immunization of BALB/c mice with 10,000 live L3 larvae eliminated 97% of the larvae either contained in diffusion chambers or free within the tissue of the mouse within 24 hours of postinfection.…”

Section: Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis: current perspectives

Varatharajalu¹,

Rao²

2016

RIP

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Abstract:Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode parasite with a global distribution. Most infected individuals have few or no symptoms. Strongyloidiasis is of primary medical importance, and fatal disease can occur in infected people who become immunosuppressed/ immunocompromised through the administration of steroids or because of coinfection with human T-lymphotropic virus I. Often, misdiagnoses of strongyloidiasis in patients leads to expensive, nonspecific, invasive diagnostic techniques, including endoscopy, barium swallow, cancer biopsies, chest X-rays, and computerized tomography (CT) scans. Delayed treatment for strongyloidiasis brings in medical complications, such as vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, weight loss, pulmonary abnormalities, and septicemia. Chronic infection is difficult to diagnose by standard stool examination; hence, a reliable recombinant antigen-based serodiagnosis is important. Though albendazole and thiabendazole reduce the burden of the disease, they are not effective in an immunocompromised host. Ivermectin has the advantage of eradicating the disease, even in an immunocompromised host, with fewer side effects compared to albendazole. However, drug treatment is a temporary solution since reinfection can often occur. Thus, developing effective vaccine candidate antigens is imperative to stop the disease.

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DNA Immunization with Na ⁺ -K ⁺ ATPase ( Sseat-6 ) Induces Protective Immunity to Larval Strongyloides stercoralis in Mice

Cited by 26 publications

References 57 publications

Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised host

Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised host

Immunization with the recombinant antigen Ss-IR induces protective immunity to infection with Strongyloides stercoralis in mice

Strongyloides stercoralis: current perspectives

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DNA Immunization with Na + -K + ATPase ( Sseat-6 ) Induces Protective Immunity to Larval Strongyloides stercoralis in Mice

Cited by 26 publications

References 57 publications

Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised host

Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised host

Immunization with the recombinant antigen Ss-IR induces protective immunity to infection with Strongyloides stercoralis in mice

Strongyloides stercoralis: current perspectives

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DNA Immunization with Na ⁺ -K ⁺ ATPase ( Sseat-6 ) Induces Protective Immunity to Larval Strongyloides stercoralis in Mice