DNA reviews: hair

Graham, Eleanor A. M.

doi:10.1007/s12024-007-9005-9

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…According to Takayanagi et al (2003) and Graham (2007), shed hairs, which were swallowed during self-grooming, are in the telogen phase and cells in the shaft contain little nuclear DNA. On the other hand, shafts contain high quantities of mtDNA (Lutz et al, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA extraction from hair shafts of wild Brazilian felids and canids

Alberts

Ribeiro-Paes²,

Aranda-Selverio³

et al. 2010

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Wild felids and canids are usually the main predators in the food chains where they dwell and are almost invisible to behavior and ecology researchers. Due to their grooming behavior, they tend to swallow shed hair, which shows up in the feces. DNA found in hair shafts can be used in molecular studies that can unravel, for instance, genetic variability, reproductive mode and family structure, and in some species, it is even possible to estimate migration and dispersion rates in given populations. First, however, DNA must be extracted from hair. We extracted successfully and dependably hair shaft DNA from eight wild Brazilian felids, ocelot, margay, oncilla, Geoffroy's cat, pampas cat, jaguarundi, puma, and jaguar, as well as the domestic cat and from three wild Brazilian canids, maned wolf, crab-eating fox, and hoary fox, as well as the domestic dog. Hair samples came mostly from feces collected at the São Paulo Zoo and were also gathered from non-sedated pet or from recently dead wild animals and were also collected from museum specimens. Fractions of hair samples were stained before DNA extraction, while most samples were not. Our extraction protocol is based on a feather DNA extraction technique, based in the phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol general method, with proteinase K as digestive enzyme.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melanin is a potent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitor (Wilson et al, 1995), and thus making DNA typing more difficult (Higuchi et al, 1988;Wilson et al, 1995;Graham, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA extraction from hair shafts of wild Brazilian felids and canids

Alberts

Ribeiro-Paes²,

Aranda-Selverio³

et al. 2010

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Shed hairs are one of the most commonly encountered evidence types [1], but also among the most limited in terms of DNA quantity and quality. By some estimates, shed hair represents up to 90% of the hair samples collected at crime scenes [2,3]. Unfortunately, nuclear DNA (nuDNA) is generally too low in quantity and quality to permit successful short tandem repeat (STR) typing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmented Nuclear DNA Is the Predominant Genetic Material in Human Hair Shafts

Brandhagen¹,

Loreille²,

Irwin³

2018

Genes

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While shed hairs are one of the most commonly encountered evidence types, they are among the most limited in terms of DNA quantity and quality. As a result, nuclear DNA short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is generally unsuccessful and DNA testing of shed hair is instead performed by targeting the mitochondrial DNA control region. Although the high copy number of mitochondrial DNA relative to nuclear DNA routinely permits the recovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data in these cases, mtDNA profiles do not offer the discriminatory power of nuclear DNA profiles. In order to better understand the total content and degradation state of DNA in single shed hairs and assess the feasibility of recovering highly discriminatory nuclear DNA data from this common evidence type, high throughput shotgun sequencing was performed on both recently collected and aged (approximately 50-year-old) hair samples. The data reflect trends that have been demonstrated previously with other technologies, namely that mtDNA quantity and quality decrease along the length of the hair shaft. In addition, the shotgun data reveal that nuclear DNA is present in shed hair and surprisingly abundant relative to mitochondrial DNA, even in the most distal fragments. Nuclear DNA comprised, at minimum, 88% of the total human reads in any given sample, and generally more than 95%. Here, we characterize both the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA content of shed hairs and discuss the implications of these data for forensic investigations.

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“…Microscopic analyses of hair rarely tell more than species, as hair can vary both between individuals of the same species as well as within an individual (3). There is little or no nuclear DNA in the hair shaft, often leaving mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as the only source of DNA that can be recovered from the hair shafts of telogen hairs (4–6). mtDNA from human hair evidence has been used in the United States courts since the case of Tennessee versus Paul William Ware in 1996.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Forensically Informative SNPs in the Domestic Dog Mitochondrial Control Region*

Webb

Allard

2009

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Dog hair is often found at crime scenes either due to the dog's involvement in the crime or secondary transfer. As little nuclear DNA is present in shed hair, a 1000 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region (mtCR) from 552 dogs was assessed for forensically useful sequence variation. Through pairwise alignment to a standard reference sequence, existing haplotypes were further described and 36 new haplotypes and 24 new single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. The probability of exclusion was found to be 0.957. Breeds were found to have similar sequences, although not identical. No genetic basis was found for grouping dogs by either purebred or mixed or geographic location within the continental United States. Our research demonstrates that the domestic dog mtCR has not been thoroughly surveyed for sequence variation and that a single database comprised of purebred and mixed breed dogs is sufficient for the continental United States.

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DNA reviews: hair

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

DNA extraction from hair shafts of wild Brazilian felids and canids

DNA extraction from hair shafts of wild Brazilian felids and canids

Fragmented Nuclear DNA Is the Predominant Genetic Material in Human Hair Shafts

Identification of Forensically Informative SNPs in the Domestic Dog Mitochondrial Control Region*

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