DNA-Sensing Antiviral Innate Immunity in Poxvirus Infection

Lu, Yue; Zhang, Leiliang

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01637

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Meanwhile, several viruses, including HSV-1, directly antagonize DNA-PK ( Boyer et al, 1999 ; Burleigh et al, 2020 ; Ferguson et al, 2012 ; Lees-Miller et al, 1996 ; Parkinson et al, 1999 ; Peters et al, 2013 ; Scutts et al, 2018 ; Smith et al, 2014 ). Indeed, HSPA8 and DNA-PK play broad and extremely complex roles in infection by a variety of viruses ( Bonam et al, 2019 ; Hristova et al, 2020 ; Lu and Zhang, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ). It is now apparent that FEZ1 plays similarly complex roles in both host responses and infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FEZ1 phosphorylation regulates HSPA8 localization and interferon-stimulated gene expression

et al. 2022

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FEZ1 phosphorylation regulates HSPA8 localization and interferon-stimulated gene expression

et al. 2022

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“…As a virus that replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm of host cells VACV is subject to a battery of cell autonomous immune defences (Bidgood & Mercer, 2015;Hu & Shu, 2018. To overcome this VACV dedicates nearly half of its 200 encoded proteins to evading host cell defences and subjugating host cell systems (Bahar et al, 2011;Bidgood & Mercer, 2015;Lu & Zhang, 2020). Cellular degradation pathways are no exception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccinia virus subverts xenophagy through phosphorylation and nuclear targeting of p62

Krause

Yakimovich

Kriston‐Vizi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Autophagy is an essential degradation program required to maintain cell homeostasis. Amongst its many functions is the engulfment and destruction of cytosolic pathogens, termed Xenophagy. Not surprisingly, many pathogens have adapted various strategies to circumvent or co-opt autophagic degradation during infection. For poxviruses, it is known that infection activates autophagy, which however is not required for successful replication. Despite the fact that these complex viruses replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm, autophagy-mediated control of poxvirus infection has not been explored. Using the prototypic poxvirus, vaccinia virus (VACV), we show that over-expression of the xenophagy receptors p62, NDP52 and Tax1Bp1 restricts poxvirus infection. While NDP52 and Tax1Bp1 were degraded, p62 was found to initially target cytoplasmic virions before being shunted to the nucleus. Nuclear translocation of p62 during infection was dependent upon p62 NLS2, and VACV kinase-mediated phosphorylation of associated p62 residues T269/S272. These results indicate that VACV actively targets the xenophagy receptor p62 during the early stages of infection to avoid destruction, and further suggest that poxviruses exhibit a unique multi-layered control of autophagy in order to facilitate cytoplasmic replication.

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“…However, with the evolution of viruses and their long-term confrontation with host cells, many viruses have established effective antagonisms to host antiviral innate immune pathways and immune factors ( 13 – 21 ). This review has summarized different mechanisms of how alphaviruses antagonize the host’s innate immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immune evasion by alphaviruses

Liu¹,

Yuan²,

Zhang³

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Alphaviruses contain many human and animal pathogens, such as CHIKV, SINV, and VEEV. Accumulating evidence indicates that innate immunity plays an important role in response to alphaviruses infection. In parallel, alphaviruses have evolved many strategies to evade host antiviral innate immunity. In the current review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms employed by alphaviruses to evade cGAS-STING, IFN, transcriptional host shutoff, translational host shutoff, and RNAi. Dissecting the detailed antiviral immune evasion mechanisms by alphaviruses will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of alphaviruses and may provide more effective strategies to control alphaviruses infection.

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DNA-Sensing Antiviral Innate Immunity in Poxvirus Infection

Cited by 29 publications

References 92 publications

FEZ1 phosphorylation regulates HSPA8 localization and interferon-stimulated gene expression

FEZ1 phosphorylation regulates HSPA8 localization and interferon-stimulated gene expression

Vaccinia virus subverts xenophagy through phosphorylation and nuclear targeting of p62

Innate immune evasion by alphaviruses

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