Do Certain Countries Produce Only Positive Results? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials

Vickers, Andrew; Goyal, Niraj; Harland, Robert; Rees, Rebecca

doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(97)00150-5

Cited by 616 publications

(332 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition, the large variation in the nature, duration, intensity, and delivery methods of the yoga-based interventions used, even among studies using yoga practice alone, renders comparison across studies difficult. Publication bias may also play a role in the selective reporting of positive results, 172 particularly in non-Western countries, where yoga is more widely embraced and more likely to be incorporated into medical treatment. Although existing RCTs have yielded results consistent overall with those of nonrandomized and uncontrolled studies, suggesting that the positive findings of these latter studies do not simply reflect bias because of poor study design, clearly, additional high quality RCTs are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Indices Associated with the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and Possible Protection with Yoga: A Systematic Review

Innes

Bourguignon²,

Taylor³

2005

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

323

261

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Objective: To conduct a systematic review of published literature regarding the effects of yoga, a promising mind-body therapy, on specific anthropometric and physiologic indices of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and on related clinical endpoints.Methods: We performed a literature search using 4 computerized English and Indian scientific databases. The search was restricted to original studies (1970 to 2004) evaluating the effects of yoga on CVD or indices of CVD risk associated with the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nonrandomized controlled trials, uncontrolled (pre and post) clinical trials, and cross-sectional (observational) studies were included if they met specific criteria. Data were extracted regarding study design, setting, population size and characteristics, intervention type and duration, comparison group or condition, outcome assessment, data analysis and presentation, follow-up, and key results, and the quality of each study was evaluated according to specific predetermined criteria.Results : ing number of developing countries. [5][6][7] Leading to premature morbidity and mortality, and to preventable losses of employment, earnings, and quality of life, CVD is clearly of pressing clinical and economic significance, underscoring the need for effective primary prevention efforts that target common, modifiable risk factors. Prominent among these are the physiologic and anthropometric risk factors associated with the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), and the neuroendocrine and psychosocial alterations that may both predispose to and result from these IRS-related abnormalities. The IRS, also referred to as syndrome X or the metabolic syndrome, is a cluster of metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities that both collectively and independently predict the development of atherosclerosis and CVD. 4,8 -11 Core features of the IRS are insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Indices Associated with the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and Possible Protection with Yoga: A Systematic Review

Innes

Bourguignon²,

Taylor³

2005

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

323

261

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“…Finally, our systematic review was restricted to articles in the English language, which may have influenced the results. However, there is also evidence that some countries publish unusually high proportions of positive results (39), which would introduce publication bias.…”

Section: Diabetes Therapy and Nhlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

2008

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OBJECTIVE -To examine the epidemiologic association between diabetes and risk of nonHodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We searched MEDLINE for observational studies on the association between diabetes and NHL in adults using the keywords "diabetes" and "lymphoma." Prospective cohort studies that reported relative risks or standardized incidence ratios and case-control studies that reported odds ratios with 95% CIs were included. A randomeffects model was used to combine results from the individual studies.RESULTS -A total of 15 manuscripts (reporting data from 5 prospective cohort and 11 case-control studies) met the inclusion criteria. Combining data from all studies, the risk ratio (RR) of developing NHL in patients with diabetes was 1.19 (95% CI 1.04 -1.35). Based on prospective studies, patients with diabetes had an RR of developing NHL of 1.41 (1.07-1.88), without heterogeneity among studies (I 2 ϭ 34.3%; P Ͼ 0.10). Based on case-control studies, patients with diabetes had an RR of 1.12 (95% CI 0.95-1.31) of developing NHL compared with people without diabetes, with some heterogeneity among studies (I 2 ϭ 36.28%; P ϭ 0.09).CONCLUSIONS -Diabetes is associated with a moderately increased risk of NHL, which is consistent with other reported associations between diabetes and malignancies. Future studies should focus on elucidating potential pathophysiologic links between diabetes and NHL.

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“…A study by Vickers et al (1998) examined 666 abstracts from MEDLINE of clinical trials published up to 1995. 184 The proportion of positive results (when the test treatment was superior to control) in trials comparing acupuncture with controls was 100% for 50 trials originating from China, Taiwan, Japan and Hong Kong.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination and publication of research findings: an updated review of related biases

Song

Parekh²,

Hooper³

et al. 2010

Health Technol Assess

822

682

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How to obtain copies of this and other HTA programme reports An electronic version of this title, in Adobe Acrobat format, is available for downloading free of charge for personal use from the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk). A fully searchable DVD is also available (see below).Printed copies of HTA journal series issues cost £20 each (post and packing free in the UK) to both public and private sector purchasers from our despatch agents.Non-UK purchasers will have to pay a small fee for post and packing. For European countries the cost is £2 per issue and for the rest of the world £3 per issue. How to order:-fax (with credit card details) -post (with credit card details or cheque) -phone during office hours (credit card only).Additionally the HTA website allows you to either print out your order or download a blank order form. Contact details are as follows:Synergie UK (HTA Department) Digital House, The Loddon Centre Wade Road Basingstoke Hants RG24 8QW Email: orders@hta.ac.uk Tel: 0845 812 4000 -ask for 'HTA Payment Services' (out-of-hours answer-phone service) Fax: 0845 812 4001 -put 'HTA Order' on the fax header Payment methods Paying by chequeIf you pay by cheque, the cheque must be in pounds sterling, made payable to University of Southampton and drawn on a bank with a UK address. Paying by credit cardYou can order using your credit card by phone, fax or post. SubscriptionsNHS libraries can subscribe free of charge. Public libraries can subscribe at a reduced cost of £100 for each volume (normally comprising 40-50 titles). The commercial subscription rate is £400 per volume (addresses within the UK) and £600 per volume (addresses outside the UK). Please see our website for details. Subscriptions can be purchased only for the current or forthcoming volume. How do I get a copy of HTA on DVD?Please use the form on the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk/htacd/index.shtml). HTA on DVD is currently free of charge worldwide.The website also provides information about the HTA programme and lists the membership of the various committees. HTA NIHR Health Technology Assessment programmeT he Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme, part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), was set up in 1993. It produces high-quality research information on the effectiveness, costs and broader impact of health technologies for those who use, manage and provide care in the NHS. 'Health technologies' are broadly defined as all interventions used to promote health, prevent and treat disease, and improve rehabilitation and long-term care. The research findings from the HTA programme directly influence decision-making bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the National Screening Committee (NSC). HTA findings also help to improve the quality of clinical practice in the NHS indirectly in that they form a key component of the 'National Knowledge Service'. The HTA programme is needs led in that it fills gaps in the evidence needed by the NHS. There are three routes to the start of project...

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Do Certain Countries Produce Only Positive Results? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials

Cited by 616 publications

References 11 publications

Risk Indices Associated with the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and Possible Protection with Yoga: A Systematic Review

Risk Indices Associated with the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and Possible Protection with Yoga: A Systematic Review

Diabetes and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Dissemination and publication of research findings: an updated review of related biases

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