Do clinical characteristics predict the cognitive course in early‐onset schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders?

Teigset, Charlotte M.; Mohn, Christine; Brunborg, Cathrine; Juuhl-Langseth, Monica; Holmén, Aina; Rund, Bjørn Rishovd

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12896

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Our own research group similarly found significant cognitive improvement across the acute phase of psychosis (30). A recent 24-month longitudinal study of young people with early onset schizophrenia also found this group to have a similar cognitive course to healthy controls, albeit functioning at an overall lower level (31). Improvement has also been seen in first episode schizophrenia, even with test batteries designed to withstand learning effects (32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Cognitive Profile in Ultra High Risk for Psychosis and Schizophrenia: A Comparison Using Coordinated Norms

et al. 2019

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Background: Cognitive impairment is not only a core aspect of schizophrenia but also commonly observed in help-seeking youth at ultra high risk for psychosis (UHR), with potential implications for prognosis and individualized treatment. However, there is no consensus on the cognitive profile in the UHR state, partly due to lack of valid comparisons of performance in established schizophrenia and UHR. Objectives: To compare the cognitive functioning and profile of UHR subjects to a sample with schizophrenia, they were split into two groups based on duration of illness. Comparisons were made using coordinated norms based on healthy controls reflecting the younger UHR age spectrum. Methods: Participants for UHR (n = 51) and schizophrenia groups (n = 19 and n = 22) were included from the Prevention of Psychosis and Bergen Psychosis 2 projects. All subjects completed a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery aiming to measure speed of processing, working memory, verbal learning, reasoning, and problem solving, as well as visual problem solving. Cognitive functioning was compared between groups based on coordinated norms using z-scores derived by regression modeling from an age-matched healthy control group (n = 61). Results: UHR subjects showed significantly impaired speed of processing (p < 0.001) working memory (p = 0.042) and verbal learning, reasoning, and problem solving (p = 0.007) as compared to the control group. Visual problem-solving skills appeared unimpaired. UHR subjects significantly outperformed the schizophrenia group with duration of illness >3 years for speed of processing and working memory (both p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in performance between the UHR group and the group with duration of schizophrenia <3 years. Conclusion: Cognitive performance is impaired in UHR subjects as compared to healthy controls and should thus be monitored when a person is deemed at high risk of psychotic illness. Spatial skills, as measured by tests using physical objects, appear less affected than other domains. The pattern of impairment is similar to that of a group with recent onset schizophrenia but is less severe than in a group with duration of illness <3 years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Cognitive Profile in Ultra High Risk for Psychosis and Schizophrenia: A Comparison Using Coordinated Norms

et al. 2019

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“…Neurocognitive data from the Early-Onset Study have been published in previous papers, e.g. [ 15 , 18 , 42 ]. The inclusion criteria in both cohorts were: (1) Non-affective early-onset psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, brief psychotic disorder), according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), (2) age between 12 and 18 years, (3) written informed consent obtained from participants, parents or guardians (if the participant was under 16 years), (4) language abilities to complete the interviews and self-rating questionnaires.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative and disorganized symptoms mediate the relationship between verbal learning and global functioning in adolescents with early-onset psychosis

Smelror

Rund

Lonning

et al. 2020

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Neurocognitive deficits are associated with impaired global functioning and psychotic symptoms. However, whether symptoms can mediate the relationship between neurocognition and global functioning in adolescent psychosis is unclear. Here, we investigated if symptoms assessed with the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), mediated the relationship between neurocognitive performance and global functioning in adolescents with non-affective early-onset psychotic disorders (EOP). Sixty-one adolescent EOP patients (age 12–18 years) from 2 Norwegian clinical cohorts were included. Linear regression models were applied to investigate associations between neurocognitive domains from the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and global functioning. PANSS symptoms were analyzed using the Wallwork/Fortgang five-factor model. Using the INDIRECT macro for SPSS, mediation effects were tested using bootstrapping with 95% bias corrected confidence intervals. Verbal learning was positively associated with global functioning (P < 0.001) and negatively associated with the disorganized symptom factor (P = 0.002), controlling for age, sex and cohort. Testing of indirect effects, controlling for age, sex and cohort, showed that the Negative (point estimate = 1.56, 95% CI 0.22, 3.47) and Disorganized (point estimate = 1.24, 95% CI 0.05, 3.69) symptom factors significantly mediated the relationship between verbal learning and global functioning. We found that verbal learning, negative and disorganized symptoms influenced global functioning in adolescents with EOP, while reality-distorted positive symptoms did not. These results suggest that assessing these domains in EOP is helpful for planning treatment and rehabilitation programs focusing on functional outcome.

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“…In a review of cross-sectional studies of neuropsychological functioning in individuals with EOS, Frangou (2010) found impairments of medium to large effect sizes in IQ, attention, memory and executive functions compared with TD controls. One-year and two-year longitudinal studies of neuropsychological impairments in EOS found no change in the magnitude of deficits in patients with EOS (Cervellione, Burdick, Cottone, Rhinewine, & Kumra, 2007;Juuhl-Langseth, Holmen, Thormodsen, Oie, & Rund, 2014;Teigset et al, 2018). In two studies featuring four-year and 13-year follow-up intervals, there was a decline in verbal memory, attention and processing speed in individuals with EOS (Frangou, Hadjulis, & Vourdas, 2008;Oie et al, 2011;Wozniak, Block, White, Jensen, & Schulz, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Similar impairments shown on a neuropsychological test battery in adolescents with high-functioning autism and early onset schizophrenia: a two-year follow-up study

Øie

Andersen

Hovik

et al. 2020

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

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Introduction: Cognitive impairments are common in both Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia, but it is unclear whether the pattern of difficulties is similar or different in the two disorders. This cross-sectional and longitudinal study compared the neuropsychological functioning in adolescents with ASD with adolescents with Early Onset Schizophrenia (EOS). Methods: At baseline and at two-year follow-up, participants were assessed with a brief neuropsychological test battery measuring executive functions, visual and verbal learning, delayed recall and recognition and psychomotor speed. Results: We found similar levels of neuropsychological impairment across groups and over time in the adolescents with ASD or EOS. Adolescents in both groups did not improve significantly on verbal learning, verbal delayed recall, visual learning, visual delayed recall or visual delayed recognition, and both groups performed poorer on verbal recognition. Both groups improved on measures of psychomotor processing and executive functions. Conclusion: The findings suggest that it may be difficult to differentiate adolescents with EOS and ASD based on neuropsychological task performance. An implication of the results is that adolescents with either disorder may benefit from a similar approach to the treatment of cognitive impairment in the disorders.

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Do clinical characteristics predict the cognitive course in early‐onset schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders?

Cited by 12 publications

References 105 publications

Cognitive Profile in Ultra High Risk for Psychosis and Schizophrenia: A Comparison Using Coordinated Norms

Cognitive Profile in Ultra High Risk for Psychosis and Schizophrenia: A Comparison Using Coordinated Norms

Negative and disorganized symptoms mediate the relationship between verbal learning and global functioning in adolescents with early-onset psychosis

Similar impairments shown on a neuropsychological test battery in adolescents with high-functioning autism and early onset schizophrenia: a two-year follow-up study

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