Do consumers discount parallel imports?

Abstract

Using data from Taiwan's Yahoo! auctions of Nikon cameras, this paper investigates whether there exists any difference in transaction results between commodities which are sold by authorized sellers and those which are parallel imports. We find that the parallel imports and the authorized products differ not only in the warranty duration offered by the sellers, but also in the formats in which they are listed, both of which substantially affect trade probability and transaction price. We show that, after taking into account the endogenous choice of listing formats and the characteristics of the sellers and the items, an authorized product has a 7% higher trade probability than that of a parallel import and, if there is a sale, the transaction price as a ratio of the manufacturer's suggested retail price is 0.093 higher. A small number of less-experienced parallel import sellers, in an attempt to maintain a price comparable to the authorized product, list their items in pure auction with unusually high starting bids. This accounts for the overall lower trade probability for the parallel imports. If we disregard these sellers who adopt pure auction, the authorized product has higher transaction price than, but about the same trade probability as, the parallel import.

Parallel imports and repair services

“…When the firm provides the repair services for the PI good, the firm's profit function becomes the same as that without PIs and it is given by (4). For q 2 (q L , q H ], the firm's profit function is also given by (4). In this range of q, the firm sets p F =p F and p D =p D and blocks PIs.…”

Parallel Imports and Repair Services

“…For instance, Nikon Inc. USA, a subsidiary of the Japanese company of optical instruments, Nikon, does not provide support or a warranty service on parallel imported items, including fee-based repair work. 4 Samsonite, the US luggage manufacturer, employs the same policy in Japan. World…”

“…Mukherjee and Zhao (2012) pointed out that parallel imports have the wage reducing e↵ect in unionized markets. 4 Nikon Inc. USA declares in its website: "Nikon Inc. USA cannot provide any technical support or warranty service on Gray Market items. Additionally Nikon Inc. USA cannot perform any fee-based repair work on Gray Market items.…”