Do deficits in the magnocellular priming underlie visual derealization phenomena? Preliminary neurophysiological and self-report results in first-episode schizophrenia patients

Núñez, Daniel; Oelkers-Ax, Rieke; Slatman, Jenny; Ludwig, Mario; Sattel, Heribert; Resch, Franz; Weisbrod, Matthias; Fuchs, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.019

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Respectively, these studies reported greater symptoms of SD were associated with hyperconnectivity within the Default Mode Network (DMN: medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus and angular gyrus) [ 44 ], reduced connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the Pre-Supplementary Motor Area [ 46 ], decreased perceptual organization [ 41 ], cortical hypersynchrony, defined as heightened connectivity across all cortical nodes [ 48 ], and lower EEG gamma frequency and higher peak beta amplitude over fronto-parietal regions in response to a proprioceptive stimulus [ 47 ]. Additional studies reported SD was linked to deficits within the magnocellular visual pathway [ 41 , 42 ] and a diminished ability to modulate EEG spectral entropy [ 48 ]. One further study compared EMG, a measure of muscular response, with BSABS scores, reporting a multi-modal dysfunction in emotional motor resonance characterized by a loss of emotional motor resonance in response to stimuli depicting positive emotions but excessive resonance to negative emotions [ 50 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The M-pathway has been strongly linked to attentional modulation and salience attribution during visual processing, and both hyper- and hypofunction are associated with greater symptoms of SD [ 41 ]. The M-pathway also communicates with the P-pathway, termed M-priming, and those with SD display M-priming effects which hinder object recognition [ 42 ]. The authors argue increased variability of the M pathway (i.e., hyper- and hypoactivation) results in a decreased signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, we did not identify any studies containing the relationships between neurotransmission and SD using our search strategy. Secondly, there is variability in the quality of outcome measures of SD in question across seven of the studies, six of these due to administering the BSABS 82 [ 39 , 41 , 43 , 50 , 52 , 54 ] and the remaining study for utilizing only a single item of the EASE rather than total and domain composites [ 42 ]. Although substantial overlap exists between certain subscales of the BSABS and SD [ 25 ], the scale was not designed for the purpose of assessing SD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a Neurophenomenological Understanding of Self-Disorder in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Anatomical, Physiological, and Neurocognitive Findings

2023

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The concept of anomalous self-experience, also termed Self-Disorder, has attracted both clinical and research interest, as empirical studies suggest such experiences specifically aggregate in and are a core feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A comprehensive neurophenomenological understanding of Self-Disorder may improve diagnostic and therapeutic practice. This systematic review aims to evaluate anatomical, physiological, and neurocognitive correlates of Self-Disorder (SD), considered a core feature of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs), towards developing a neurophenomenological understanding. A search of the PubMed database retrieved 285 articles, which were evaluated for inclusion using PRISMA guidelines. Non-experimental studies, studies with no validated measure of Self-Disorder, or those with no physiological variable were excluded. In total, 21 articles were included in the review. Findings may be interpreted in the context of triple-network theory and support a core dysfunction of signal integration within two anatomical components of the Salience Network (SN), the anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which may mediate connectivity across both the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Fronto-Parietal Network (FPN). We propose a theoretical Triple-Network Model of Self-Disorder characterized by increased connectivity between the Salience Network (SN) and the DMN, increased connectivity between the SN and FPN, decreased connectivity between the DMN and FPN, and increased connectivity within both the DMN and FPN. We go on to describe translational opportunities for clinical practice and provide suggestions for future research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a Neurophenomenological Understanding of Self-Disorder in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Anatomical, Physiological, and Neurocognitive Findings

2023

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“…Although the major function of ipRGCs is to support non-image forming behaviors, their innervation pattern to the superior colliculus, the intergeniculate leaflet, and lateral geniculate nucleus, suggests that they relay inputs from the visual system to centers and circuits involved in the orientation of the head and eyes to sensory stimuli, image-forming vision, luminance, and spatial information (Ecker et al, 2010 ; Schmidt et al, 2011 ). This opens the possibility that abnormalities seen in early visual processing in schizophrenia might be influenced by Nkx2-1 expressing ipRGCs (Koychev et al, 2011 ; Khosravani and Goodarzi, 2013 ; Nunez et al, 2014 ; Lee et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Neurodevelopment and Brain Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Role for the Transcription Factor Nk2 Homeobox 1 in Schizophrenia: Convergent Evidence from Animal and Human Studies

Malt

Naumann

2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder with diverse mental and somatic symptoms. The molecular mechanisms leading from genes to disease pathology in schizophrenia remain largely unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that common single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with specific diseases are enriched in the recognition sequences of transcription factors that regulate physiological processes relevant to the disease. We have used a “bottom-up” approach and tracked a developmental trajectory from embryology to physiological processes and behavior and recognized that the transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) possesses properties of particular interest for schizophrenia. NKX2-1 is selectively expressed from prenatal development to adulthood in the brain, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, lungs, skin, and enteric ganglia, and has key functions at the interface of the brain, the endocrine-, and the immune system. In the developing brain, NKX2-1-expressing progenitor cells differentiate into distinct subclasses of forebrain GABAergic and cholinergic neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The transcription factor is highly expressed in mature limbic circuits related to context-dependent goal-directed patterns of behavior, social interaction and reproduction, fear responses, responses to light, and other homeostatic processes. It is essential for development and mature function of the thyroid gland and the respiratory system, and is involved in calcium metabolism and immune responses. NKX2-1 interacts with a number of genes identified as susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. We suggest that NKX2-1 may lie at the core of several dose dependent pathways that are dysregulated in schizophrenia. We correlate the symptoms seen in schizophrenia with the temporal and spatial activities of NKX2-1 in order to highlight promising future research areas.

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“…In a systematic review, a prevalence rate of 1.2-2.4% was found for clinically significant DP/DR symptoms in the community and 30-82% in clinical samples (1). DP/DR disorder is often seen in clinical conditions as comorbidity, especially in psychoses (1,8,9), depression and anxiety disorders (7), and also after cannabis abuse (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapped in a Glass Bell Jar: Neural Correlates of Depersonalization and Derealization in Subjects at Clinical High-Risk of Psychosis and Depersonalization–Derealization Disorder

et al. 2020

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Background: Depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) are symptoms of a disruption of perceptual integration leading to an altered quality of subjective experiences such as feelings of unreality and detachment from the self (DP) or the surroundings (DR). Both DP and DR often occur in concert with other symptoms, for example in subjects at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, but also appear isolated in the form of DP/DR disorder. Despite evidence that DP/DR causes immense distress, little is known about their neurobiological underpinnings. Therefore, we investigated the neural correlates of DP/ DR using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI. Methods: We evaluated the frequency of DP/DR symptoms in a clinical sample (N = 217) of help-seeking individuals from the Early Detection and Intervention Centre for Mental Crisis (CHR, n = 97; clinical controls (CC), n = 91; and first-episode psychosis (FEP), n = 29). Further, in a subsample of those CHR subjects who underwent MRI, we investigated the resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Here, individuals with (n = 21) and without (n = 23) DP/DR were contrasted. Finally, rCBF was measured in a small independent second sample of patients with DP/DR disorder (n = 6) and healthy controls (HC, n = 6). Results: In the complete clinical sample, significantly higher frequency of DP/DR was found in CHR compared to CC (50.5 vs. 16.5%; c 2 (2) = 24.218, p ≤ 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.359) as well as in FEP compared to CC (37.9 vs. 16.5%; c 2 (2) = 5.960, p = 0.015,

show abstract

Do deficits in the magnocellular priming underlie visual derealization phenomena? Preliminary neurophysiological and self-report results in first-episode schizophrenia patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Towards a Neurophenomenological Understanding of Self-Disorder in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Anatomical, Physiological, and Neurocognitive Findings

Towards a Neurophenomenological Understanding of Self-Disorder in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Anatomical, Physiological, and Neurocognitive Findings

A Role for the Transcription Factor Nk2 Homeobox 1 in Schizophrenia: Convergent Evidence from Animal and Human Studies

Trapped in a Glass Bell Jar: Neural Correlates of Depersonalization and Derealization in Subjects at Clinical High-Risk of Psychosis and Depersonalization–Derealization Disorder

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