Do dental nonmetric traits actually work as proxies for neutral genomic data? Some answers from continental‐ and global‐level analyses

Irish, Joel D.; Morez, Adeline; Flink, Linus Girdland; Phillips, Emma; Scott, G. Richard

doi:10.1002/ajpa.24052

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Thus, affinities from ASUDAS data were calculated using the mean measure of divergence (MMD) [54][55] to estimate genetic relatedness. In support, a Mantel correlation of 0.84 resulted between distance matrices from ASUDAS traits (MMD) and >350,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (i.e., Hudson Fst) in 12 matched North and sub-Saharan African samples [56].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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The transition from hunting–gathering to agriculture in Nubia: dental evidence for and against selection, population continuity and discontinuity

Irish

Usai²

2021

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Some researchers posit population continuity between Late Palaeolithic hunter–gatherers of the late Pleistocene and Holocene agriculturalists from Lower (northern) Nubia, in northeast Africa. Substantial craniodental differences in these time-successive groups are suggested to result from in situ evolution. Specifically, these populations are considered a model example for subsistence-related selection worldwide in the transition to agriculture. Others question continuity, with findings indicating that the largely homogeneous Holocene populations differ significantly from late Pleistocene Lower Nubians. If the latter are representative of the local populace, post-Pleistocene discontinuity is implied. So who was ancestral to the Holocene agriculturalists? Dental morphological analyses of 18 samples (1075 individuals), including one dated to the 12th millennium BCE from Al Khiday, near the Upper Nubian border, may provide an answer. It is the first Late Palaeolithic sample ( n = 55) recovered within the region in approximately 50 years. Using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System to record traits and multivariate statistics to estimate biological affinities, Al Khiday is comparable to several Holocene samples, yet also highly divergent from contemporaneous Lower Nubians. Thus, population continuity is indicated after all, but with late Pleistocene Upper—rather than Lower Nubians as originally suggested—assuming dental traits are adequate proxies for ancient DNA.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…None of these distances differ significantly (Supplementary Table S7). Except Gebel Sahaba, inter-sample distances parallel geographic locations [also 23, [55][56], where Dimension 1 approximates west-to-east, and Dimension 2, north-south,.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transition from hunting–gathering to agriculture in Nubia: dental evidence for and against selection, population continuity and discontinuity

Irish

Usai²

2021

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…We have therefore taken a gestalt approach to the interpretation of the ancestry estimation results, isotope results, artefactual evidence and historical context, with the aim of identifying phenotypic geographic diversity, not culturally defined categories [ 105 , 106 , 137 ]. These interpretations are made in consideration of available data, but may be revised in future studies with the addition of other forms of evidence used in studies of population affinity, such as ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, post-cranial metrics and dental morphology [ 138 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity aboard a Tudor warship: investigating the origins of theMary Rosecrew using multi-isotope analysis

et al. 2021

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The great Tudor warship, the Mary Rose , which sank tragically in the Solent in 1545 AD, presents a rare archaeological opportunity to research individuals for whom the precise timing and nature of death are known. A long-standing question surrounds the composition of the Tudor navy and whether the crew were largely British or had more diverse origins. This study takes a multi-isotope approach, combining strontium ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr), oxygen (δ 18 O), sulfur (δ 34 S), carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotope analysis of dental samples to reconstruct the childhood diet and origins of eight of the Mary Rose crew. Forensic ancestry estimation was also employed on a subsample. Provenancing isotope data tentatively suggests as many as three of the crew may have originated from warmer, more southerly climates than Britain. Five have isotope values indicative of childhoods spent in western Britain, one of which had cranial morphology suggestive of African ancestry. The general trend of relatively high δ 15 N and low δ 13 C values suggests a broadly comparable diet to contemporaneous British and European communities. This multi-isotope approach and the nature of the archaeological context has allowed the reconstruction of the biographies of eight Tudor individuals to a higher resolution than is usually possible.

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confidence: 99%

“…Dental morphology has a strong genetic component which allows it to be used as a proxy for neutral genetic markers (Hubbard et al, 2015;Irish et al, 2020;Kimura et al, 2009;Rathmann et al, 2017;Rathmann & Reyes-Centeno, 2020). Dental nonmetric traits are assumed to lack significant sexual dimorphism, have minimal influence from divergent selection, and have high heritability (Irish et al, 2020;Scott & Irish, 2013;Scott & Turner II, 1997;Turner II et al, 1991). The required methods to analyze and quantify dental morphology are also cost efficient, and since teeth are often found in the archaeological record and highly resilient to taphonomic processes (Hillson, 2005), they are a good alternative to reconstruct population biological affinities and human mobility on individual , local Turner II & Scott, 1977), regional (Irish et al, 2017;Rathmann et al, 2019;Sutter, 2009;Turner II, 1976), and global scales (Hanihara, 2008;Scott & Irish, 2017;Scott & Turner II, 1997;Sutter, 2005).…”

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The Impact of dental wear on the analysis of morphological affinities based on dental non-metric traits

Fidalgo

Wesolowski

Hübbe

2021

DAJ

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Dental wear is described as a limitation to dental morphological studies, as it obscures important crown trait features, resulting in significant differences on trait frequencies, an essential component for estimating biodistances. However, the actual impact of dental wear on biological distances still requires further characterization. We explore the impact of dental wear on morphological affinities for Brazilian pre-colonial series in the context of worldwide reference series. Twenty crown traits were scored using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropological System, and dental wear was quantified as an ordinal scale between 1 (no wear) and 8 (crown eroded). Seven crown trait frequencies are significantly associated with dental wear (p<0.05), demonstrating its impact on their analysis. To explore this impact on biodistances, data was divided by wear categories (all teeth, low-wear, moderate/severe wear) and morphological affinities among series was compared through Euclidean distances, Mean Measure of Divergence, and Principal Component Analysis. Results show the impact of wear is only meaningful when a sample contains many wear-biased traits with only moderate/severe wear. We conclude despite the impact of wear on individual trait frequencies, its impact on morphological affinities can be mitigated by including other variables or when comparisons focus only on large-scale biological differences.

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Do dental nonmetric traits actually work as proxies for neutral genomic data? Some answers from continental‐ and global‐level analyses

Cited by 36 publications

References 94 publications

The transition from hunting–gathering to agriculture in Nubia: dental evidence for and against selection, population continuity and discontinuity

The transition from hunting–gathering to agriculture in Nubia: dental evidence for and against selection, population continuity and discontinuity

Diversity aboard a Tudor warship: investigating the origins of theMary Rosecrew using multi-isotope analysis

The Impact of dental wear on the analysis of morphological affinities based on dental non-metric traits

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