Do different IgG repertoires play a role in B‐ and T‐cell functional modulation during ontogeny? The “hooks without bait” theory

Victor, Jefferson Russo

doi:10.1111/imcb.12335

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Among related observations, nonatopic IgG may be related to thymic maturation of lymphocytes with an allergy inhibition-related cytokine profile induced by γδT cells [ 48 ] as well as T CD4+ and CD8+ cells [ 5 ]. The mechanism mediating these differential effects of IgG observed between different IgG repertoires is not understood, but a very recent hypothesis suggests that such effects may be due to variations in the IgG idiotype sets determined by environmental exposure; this hypothesis is called the “hooks without bait” theory [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of IgG to Induce Murine and Human Thymic Maturation of IL-10+ B Cells (B10) Revealed in a Pilot Study

Inoue

Lira

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Cells

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Regulatory B (B10) cells can control several inflammatory diseases, including allergies; however, the origin of peripheral B10 cells is not fully understood, and the involvement of primary lymphoid organs (PLOs) as a primary site of maturation is not known. Here, using a murine model of allergy inhibition mediated by maternal immunization with ovalbumin (OVA), we aimed to evaluate whether B10 cells can mature in the thymus and whether IgG can mediate this process. Female mice were immunized with OVA, and offspring thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lung, and serum samples were evaluated at different times and after passive transfer of purified IgG or thymocytes. A translational approach was implemented using human nonatopic thymus samples, nonatopic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and IgG from atopic or nonatopic individuals. Based on the expression of CD1d on B cells during maturation stages, we suggest that B10 cells can also mature in the murine thymus. Murine thymic B10 cells can be induced in vitro and in vivo by IgG and be detected in the spleen and lungs in response to an allergen challenge. Like IgG from atopic individuals, human IgG from nonatopic individuals can induce B10 cells in the infant thymus and adult PBMCs. Our observations suggest that B10 cells may mature in the thymus and that this mechanism may be mediated by IgG in both humans and mice. These observations may support the future development of IgG-based immunoregulatory therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of IgG to Induce Murine and Human Thymic Maturation of IL-10+ B Cells (B10) Revealed in a Pilot Study

Inoue

Lira

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…The genetic variants or isoforms of FcγRIIB can reshape autoimmune disorders, as well as KD (121,122). Several articles report that maternal anti-idiotypic IgG modulate immunoregulatory phenotypes of B cells and Th17 cells in utero or by adoptive cell transfer (123)(124)(125). Further efforts should focus on the roles of IVIG antibody fractions and recombinant IgG fragments for the precision treatment of KD.…”

Section: Neutralization or Immunoregulation By Allotypic Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective of Immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapies for Kawasaki Disease

et al. 2021

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Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute inflammatory illness that mostly occurs in children below 5 years of age, with intractable fever, mucocutaneous lesions, lymphadenopathy, and lesions of the coronary artery (CAL). KD is sharing clinical symptoms with systemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) which is related to COVID-19. Certain genes are identified to be associated with KD, but the findings usually differ between countries and races. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) allele types and toll-like receptor (TLR) expression are also correlated to KD. The acute hyperinflammation in KD is mediated by an imbalance between augmented T helper 17 (Th17)/Th1 responses with high levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IP-10, in contrast to reduced Th2/Treg responses with lower IL-4, IL-5, FoxP3, and TGF-β expression. KD has varying phenotypic variations regarding age, gender, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, macrophage activation and shock syndrome. The signs of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) can be interpreted as hyperferritinemia and thrombocytopenia contradictory to thrombocytosis in typical KD; the signs of KD with shock syndrome (KDSS) can be interpreted as overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and coagulopathy. For over five decades, IVIG and aspirin are the standard treatment for KD. However, some KD patients are refractory to IVIG required additional medications against inflammation. Further studies are proposed to delineate the immunopathogenesis of IVIG-resistance and KDSS, to identify high risk patients with genetic susceptibility, and to develop an ideal treatment regimen, such as by providing idiotypic immunoglobulins to curb cytokine storms, NO overproduction, and the epigenetic induction of Treg function.

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“…Very recently, a hypothesis called the “hooks without bait” theory was presented in the literature to discuss the role of natural and induced IgG repertoires as modulatory ligands, not only for γδ T cells, but in a broader context that includes T and B cells [ 104 ].…”

Section: Evidenced and Proposed γδTcr Ligandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Self-Ligand Gamma Delta T Cell Receptors (γδTCRs) Insight: The Potential of Induced IgG

Sousa

Victor

2020

Vaccines

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A γδ T cell acquires functional properties in response to the gamma delta T cell receptor γδTCR signal strength during its development in the thymus. The elucidation of the potential ligands of γδ T cell receptors are of extreme importance; however, they are still not understood. Here we revise the actual state of the art of candidates to exert the function of γδTCR ligands, and propose a theoretical contribution about new potential ligands of γδTCRs, based on biological and hypothetical pieces of evidence in the literature. In conclusion, we hypothetically suggest a possible role of induced antibodies according to the individual’s immune status, mainly of the IgG subclass, acting as γδTCR ligands. Considering that IgG production is involved in some essential immunotherapy protocols, and almost all vaccination protocols, our discussion opens a new and broad field to further exploration.

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Do different IgG repertoires play a role in B‐ and T‐cell functional modulation during ontogeny? The “hooks without bait” theory

Cited by 14 publications

References 98 publications

The Potential of IgG to Induce Murine and Human Thymic Maturation of IL-10+ B Cells (B10) Revealed in a Pilot Study

The Potential of IgG to Induce Murine and Human Thymic Maturation of IL-10+ B Cells (B10) Revealed in a Pilot Study

Perspective of Immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapies for Kawasaki Disease

Natural Self-Ligand Gamma Delta T Cell Receptors (γδTCRs) Insight: The Potential of Induced IgG

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