Do fecal odors from native and non‐native predators cause a habitat shift among macropods?

Abstract

Predator-odor-based repellents have benefits as humane, non-lethal management tools that may reduce the need for lethal control in some areas. Macropods (such as kangaroos and wallabies) are iconic Australian native marsupials; however, some are considered important rangeland pests, and their presence in the urban and peri-urban environment often results in conflict. The management of these macropods is a contentious and volatile issue. We evaluated lion (Panthera leo), Sumatran tiger (P. tigris sumatrae), and dingo (Canis lupus dingo) fecal odors as short-term odor-based repellents for wild eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and red-necked wallabies (M. rufogriseus). These odors were used to 'protect' highly palatable food sources; with any food not consumed (residue) collected and weighed each day. Trials were conducted at Long Grass Nature Reserve in Queensland, Australia from 9-29 January 2009. Both eastern grey kangaroos and red-necked wallabies relocated a minimum of 100 m away from the food station treated with lion odors on the first day of the trial. As a result of this spatial shift, more food was consumed at the control food stations than at any food station treated with predator odors (regardless of predator). In particular, eastern grey kangaroos never fed from a single predator-odor food station. An increase in vigilance behaviors was observed for both macropod species, and red-necked wallabies were more likely to exhibit vigilance behaviors than feeding behaviors at predator odor food stations. There was no difference in food residue between any predator odors and these food stations were only visited on the first day of the study. Use of predator fecal odors may repel macropods from highly palatable food sources, and predator fecal odors also may be useful for macropod relocation. Ó

Animal Vehicle Collision Reduction and Habitat Connectivity Pooled Fund Study – Literature Review

“…Often, they do not work as well as they are advertised. Some repellents can keep animals from highly palatable food sources (Cox et al 2015), while deer can become habituated to others (Elmeros et al 2011). The type of scent selected depends on the species that is targeted.…”

Are single odorous components of a predator sufficient to elicit defensive behaviors in prey species?

“…Interestingly, Cox et al ( 2014 ) were able to generate a similar response from an exotic non-native species, the tiger ( Pandera tigris ). When fed on kangaroo meat, tiger feces became an effective repellent for kangaroos, sometimes generating an “area-effect.” More recently, southern hairy-nosed wombats ( Lasiorhinus latifrons ) have been found to avoid digging in the area where dingo urine or feces had been deployed.…”

Parasite and predator risk assessment: nuanced use of olfactory cues

“…Macropodid marsupials (kangaroos and wallabies) have been exposed to predation from past and present predators [24] and are typically wary of predator faeces [25,26]. Macropodids also have diverse and highly species-specific gastrointestinal parasite faunas [27] and often share foraging grounds (e.g.…”

“…Here, we experimentally test the responses of free-ranging, red-necked wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) to cues associated with the risks of predators, parasites and both in combination. Macropodid marsupials (kangaroos and wallabies) have been exposed to predation from past and present predators [24] and are typically wary of predator faeces [25,26]. Macropodids also have & 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society.…”