Do Federal Place-Based Policies Improve Economic Opportunity in Rural Communities?

Parker, Emily; Tach, Laura; Robertson, Cassandra

doi:10.7758/rsf.2022.8.4.06

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, young adults who grew up in rural areas are not "less wealthy," although they have different types of wealth (Keister, Moody, and Wolff 2022). Last, despite large metro-nonmetro differences in education and earnings based on where respondents currently live as young adults, Parker, Tach, and Robertson (2022) find no significant differences in either education or earnings between respondents who grew up in metro versus nonmetro places. However, they also find that although placed-based federal funding enhances both the educational attainment and earnings of rural (and urban) children, the benefits of these federal funds primarily accrue to children who grew up in a rural area and subsequently left.…”

Section: Consequences On Economic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Many, of course, are concerned that policies that invest in rural places might deliberately or inadvertently encourage out-migration, particularly of high achieving youths. This concern appears substantiated in studies like that by Parker, Tach, and Robertson (2022), which shows that levels of federal place-based funding is strongly correlated with out-migration in nonmetro counties. High rates of outmigration, some contend, threaten the economic viability and civic vibrancy, and ultimately the very existence of their communities.…”

Section: Policy Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Crosssectional studies typically ignore these selection effects in migration; yet excluding these rural migrants can generate biased estimates of the longer-term effects of growing up in rural areas. Roberts, Rahn, and Lazovich (2022) and Parker, Tach, and Robertson (2022), for example, both find important differences in adult mortality and economic outcomes between rural stayers and movers in their studies.…”

Section: Challenges In Identifying a Rural Effectmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Growing Up in Rural America

Clark

Weber

2022

rsf

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Scholars often attribute these sentiments to widespread economic distress found in many rural communities (Monnat and Brown 2017). Some rural areas have experienced deep poverty persisting across generations (Lichter and Johnson 2007;Thiede, Kim, and Valasik 2018), whereas others have witnessed steady economic decline over the last fifty years as a consequence of economic restructuring (Lobao Growing Up in Rural AmericaShelley Cl a r k, Sa m h a r per, a nd BruCe W eBer This article examines the context of growing up in rural America and how rural roots shape life chances. The distinctive physical, social, and cultural attributes of rural areas can exacerbate many of the challenges of childhood poverty. Yet rural children have better access to public childcare services and perform as well as urban children on standardized tests. Life trajectories diverge most sharply when rural youths decide whether to leave their home communities. Those who stay typically face limited opportunities for higher education and well-paid, stable employment, whereas those who leave fare remarkably well with respect to their educational, economic, and health outcomes. In sum, growing up in rural America offers distinctive advantages and disadvantages, yet the benefits may accrue primarily to those who leave.

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Section: Consequences On Economic Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Policy Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Challenges In Identifying a Rural Effectmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Growing Up in Rural America

Clark

Weber

2022

rsf

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“…The analysis in this study clearly shows that patients experience CHE despite having insurance coverage and that this risk is concentrated among patients who are low income, rural, and Black. The US federal government has invested 365$ billion from 1990 to 2015 toward race and place-based poverty interventions, mostly in the form of grants, tax credits, and research investment 29 . However, despite these expenditures and increasing insurance coverage, finance-related health inequities remain for Americans who are multiply disadvantaged and suffer injury due to MVC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catastrophic health expenditure in nonneurological injury due to motor vehicle crash

Nishtala

Reed

Schumacher

et al. 2023

J Trauma Acute Care Surg

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BACKGROUND Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of nonfatal injury in the United States and impose a high financial cost to the patient and the economy. For many patients, this cost may be financially devastating and contribute to worsening health outcomes after injury. We aimed to describe the population level risk of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and determine factors associated with risk of CHE. METHODS We performed a retrospective review using the 2014–2017 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The study population consisted of uninsured and privately insured adults aged 26 to 64 years who were hospitalized for nonneurologic traumatic injury due to MVCs. Our measure of financial hardship was CHE, which was defined as hospital charges ≥40% of postsubsistence income. Income estimates were derived from zip-code level data using Γ distribution modeling. RESULTS Our sample included 189,000 patients, of which 149,705 had private insurance and 39,375 were uninsured. The median estimated income for the study cohort was $66,118 (interquartile range, $65,353–$66,884). The median cost of hospitalization was $53,467 (interquartile range, $29,854–$99,914). In addition, 91.5% of uninsured patients suffering from MVC are at risk for CHE, and 10.1% of privately insured patients are at risk for CHE. Among the insured, Black, Hispanic, and low income were associated with CHE. CONCLUSION Nine of 10 uninsured patients are at risk for CHE after hospitalization for MVC. Despite having insurance, 10% of patients are still at risk of CHE. Black, Hispanic, and low-income communities are at highest risk of having private insurance and still experiencing CHE. This is the first population level analysis after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act that assesses the financial burden of no insurance and underinsurance. These data are important to understand the effectiveness of insurance coverage and guide hospital and policy level interventions to prevent CHE. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.

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“…For example, rural areas have been found to lag metropolitan areas in the provision of key human service and safety net programs targeted at lowincome households (Allard 2019). Numerous papers in this volume speak to rural-urban disparities across a wide array of other services and resources intended to support children, as well as how rural context shapes elementary, middle, and high school educational outcomes (see Bernsen et al 2022, this issue;Bowen, Elliott, and Hardison-Moody 2022, this issue;Niccolai, Damaske, and Park 2022;Parker, Tach, and Robertson 2022). Thus we should expect geographic differences in ECE program resources to contribute to urban-rural disparities in ECE participation and school readiness (Drescher et al 2022, this issue;Magnuson and Duncan 2017;Miller, Votruba-Drzal, and Setodji 2013;Votruba-Drzal, Miller, and Coley 2016;Miller, Votruba-Drzal, and Coley 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Early Care and Education in Rural Communities: Implications for Children’s School Readiness

Morrissey

Allard

Pelletier

2022

rsf

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and local government spending on childcare, preschool, and other ECE programs-many designed to serve children in low-income families-has increased in the last several decades (Diffey, Parker, and Atchison 2017; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2018; DOE 2020). Funding for public subsidies that help families purchase Access to Early Care and Education in Rural Communities: Implications for Children's School Readiness ta ry n W. mor r iSSey , SCot t W. a ll a r d, a nd eliz a Beth pelletier This study links county-level early care and education (ECE) program, economic, and demographic data to child-level data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort of 2010-2011 to examine geographic variation in ECE program participation and provision. We find that public ECE programs, particularly Head Start, occupy a larger role in nonmetropolitan communities than in metropolitan areas. By contrast, children in rural counties are less likely to attend private center-based ECE, and nonprofit childcare program expenditures in rural areas lag. We also find rural-metropolitan differences in school readiness diminish when geographic characteristics are controlled. Results suggest that county-level context and statelevel policy features shape children's early experiences, and that public ECE investments are key in narrowing disparities in ECE attendance and in children's outcomes.

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Do Federal Place-Based Policies Improve Economic Opportunity in Rural Communities?

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Growing Up in Rural America

Growing Up in Rural America

Catastrophic health expenditure in nonneurological injury due to motor vehicle crash

Access to Early Care and Education in Rural Communities: Implications for Children’s School Readiness

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