Do Gender Stereotypes Reduce Girls' Human Capital Outcomes? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Test Scores, Subjective Assessment, and Stereotyping of Ethnic Minorities

“…Our paper adds to a small literature comparing "blind" and "non-blind" assessment methods in schools (Lavy, 2004), discrimination in hiring (Goldin & Rouse, 2000), or discrimination by institution in refereeing (Blank, 1991). Using data from matriculation exams in Israel, Lavy (2004) finds a negative bias in teachers' assessment for male students.…”

“…Using data from matriculation exams in Israel, Lavy (2004) finds a negative bias in teachers' assessment for male students. The negative effect of being male on "non-blind" tests as opposed to objective "blind" tests occurs at all points in the ability distribution.…”

References

“…In the spirit of Blank (1991), Goldin and Rouse (1999) and Lavy (2004), we now analyze individual level information from three examinations that include a preliminary multiple choice test (i.e., we are able to exploit blind vs. nonblind evaluation). For this exams, we use the marks obtained by candidates in the multiple choice test as control for candidate quality.…”

“…30 Here, since we observe both paternal and maternal surnames and given their potential importance for family ties, we consider not only children but also nephews and nieces. 31 We identify relatives and nonrelatives by comparing candidates'surnames with those of Corps mem-bers. As explained before, the Spanish use two surnames: the …rst is inherited from the father's paternal lineage, and the second from the mother's paternal lineage.…”

Implicit Bias, Stereotype Threat, and Political Correctness in Philosophy

“…There is no evidence of performance disparities, especially in the crucial earliest stages of the career pipeline. Some studies even suggest males can be disadvantaged on high school and college entrance exams, including those testing for philosophical acumen [96,97].…”