Do Patients With Schizophrenia Consciously Recollect Emotional Events Better Than Neutral Events?

Danion, Jean-Marie; Kazes, Mathilde; Huron, Caroline; Karchouni, D. Nourdine

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.10.1879

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Importantly, however, Yonelinas and Jacoby (1995) have developed an R/K method to compensate for this underestimation; consistent with most dual-process theories, this calculation method also assumes that recollection and familiarity are independent. Previous studies of patients with psychosis that have used the R/K procedure in a standard item recognition paradigm have found reduced R responses and similar or increased K responses for targets in patients relative to controls (Danion, Kazes, Huron, & Karchouni, 2003;Danion, Rizzo, & Bruant, 1999;Huron et al, 1995;Sonntag et al, 2003;Tendolkar, Ruhrmann, Brockhaus, Pukrop, & Klosterkotter, 2002;van Erp, 2008). These findings support the view that patients with psychosis have impaired recollection and possibly rely on preserved familiarity processes to compensate for poor recollection-based memory.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

True and false memories in adolescents with psychosis: Evidence for impaired recollection and familiarity

Caza

Doré

Gingras

et al. 2011

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

True and false memories in adolescents with psychosis: Evidence for impaired recollection and familiarity

Caza

Doré

Gingras

et al. 2011

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

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“…Several studies using the Remember-Know (R-K) paradigm have provided evidence consistent with the view that patients with schizophrenia exhibit greater reduction in the use of conscious recollection than in the use of familiarity assessment as a basis for retrieval compared with controls Danion et al 2003;Danion et al 1999;Grillon et al 2005;Huron and Danion 2002;Huron et al 1995;Huron et al 2003;Neumann et al 2006;Ribeiro et al 2005;Sonntag et al 2003;Souchay et al 2006;Tendolkar et al 2002;Thoma et al 2006). In the R-K paradigm, when recognizing a memorandum as previously encountered, participants are asked to make a "remember" response when they retrieve contextual information that was part of the learning episode and a "know" response when they do not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Remember and know judgments during recognition in chronic schizophrenia

Erp¹,

Lesh²,

Knowlton³

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Deficits in learning and memory are among the most robust correlates of schizophrenia. It has been hypothesized that these deficits are in part due to reduced conscious recollection and increased reliance on familiarity assessment as a basis for retrieval. The Remember-Know (R-K) paradigm was administered to 35 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 35 healthy controls. In addition to making "remember" and "know" judgments, the participants were asked to make forced choice recognition judgments with regard to details about the learning episode. Analyses comparing response types showed a significant reduction in "remember" responses and a significant increase in "know" responses in schizophrenia patients relative to controls. Both patients and controls recalled more details of the learning episode for "remember" compared to "know" responses, although, in particular for "remember" responses, patients recalled fewer details compared with controls. Notably, patients recognized fewer inter-item but not intra-item stimulus features compared with controls. These findings suggest deficits in organizing and integrating relational information during the learning episode and/or using relational information for retrieval. A Dual-Process Signal Detection interpretation of these findings suggests that recollection in chronic schizophrenia is significantly reduced, while familiarity is not. Additionally, a unidimensional Signal Detection Theory interpretation suggests that chronic schizophrenia patients show a reduction in memory strength, and an altered criterion on the memory strength distribution for detecting new compared with old stimuli but not for detecting stimuli that are remembered versus familiar. Taken together, these findings are consistent with a deficit in recollection and increased reliance on familiarity in making recognition memory judgments in chronic schizophrenia.

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“…In addition to diminished memory accuracy, which is mainly associated with depression and negative symptomatology (Brébion et al 2000), a number of metamemory dysfunctions have been described that relate to more qualitative aspects of recollection. Apart from poor vividness of recollection (Huron et al 1995 ;Danion et al 1999Danion et al , 2003, multiple studies have indicated that patients with schizophrenia display overconfidence in errors, while at the same time being less confident in correct responses (Moritz et al 2003(Moritz et al , 2005b. In a recent study this twofold response pattern, termed reduced 'confidence gap ', discriminated schizophrenia patients from both healthy and psychiatric controls, whereas indices of memory accuracy failed to yield significant differences between psychiatric groups .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Memory and metamemory in schizophrenia: a liberal acceptance account of psychosis

et al. 2008

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Background. In previous studies we suggested that liberal acceptance (LA) represents a fundamental cognitive bias in schizophrenia and may explain why patients are more willing to accept weak response alternatives and display overconfidence in incorrect responses. The aim of the present study was to test a central assumption of the LA account : false alarms in schizophrenia should be particularly increased when the distractor-target resemblance is weak relative to a control group.Method. Sixty-eight schizophrenia patients were compared to 25 healthy controls on a visual memory task. At encoding, participants studied eight complex displays, each consisting of a unique pairing of four stimulus attributes : symbol, shape, position and colour. At recognition, studied items were presented along with distractors that resembled the targets to varying degrees (i.e. the match between distractors and targets ranged from one to three attributes). Participants were required to make old/new judgements graded for confidence.Results. The hypotheses were confirmed : false recognition was increased for patients compared to controls for weakly and moderately related distractors only, whereas strong lure items induced similar levels of false recognition for both groups. In accordance with prior research, patients displayed a significantly reduced confidence gap and enhanced knowledge corruption compared to controls. Finally, higher neuroleptic dosage was related to a decreased number of high-confident ratings.Conclusions. These data assert that LA is a core mechanism contributing to both enhanced acceptance of weakly supported response alternatives and metamemory deficits, and this may be linked to the emergence of positive symptomatology.

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Do Patients With Schizophrenia Consciously Recollect Emotional Events Better Than Neutral Events?

Abstract: Patients with schizophrenia consciously recollected emotional words better than neutral words.

Cited by 48 publications

References 8 publications

True and false memories in adolescents with psychosis: Evidence for impaired recollection and familiarity

True and false memories in adolescents with psychosis: Evidence for impaired recollection and familiarity

Remember and know judgments during recognition in chronic schizophrenia

Memory and metamemory in schizophrenia: a liberal acceptance account of psychosis

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