Do questionnaires reflect their purported cognitive functions?

Clark, Ian A.; Maguire, Eleanor A.

doi:10.1101/583690

Cited by 6 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This latter observation either suggests that subjective measures of memory inadequately represent actual memory function, or, alternatively, it is possible that subjective and objective measures of memory may represent distinct memory systems. For example, memory questionnaires have been shown to be associated with autobiographical memory vividness and not the number of internal (episodic) details [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handedness, Grip Strength, and Memory Function: Considerations by Biological Sex

et al. 2019

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Background and Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential independent and interactive effects of handedness and grip strength on episodic memory function, and whether biological sex moderated these relationships. Materials and Methods: 162 young adults (Mage = 20.7 years) completed a series of memory assessments including a subjective memory complaint evaluation and several objective measures of memory. Handedness (i.e., left-hand dominant, inconsistent handedness (ICH), and right-hand dominant) was evaluated using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Handgrip strength was determined from a handgrip dynamometer. Results: When compared to ICH individuals, retrospective memory scores were statistically significantly worse for left-handed (p = 0.02) and right-handed (p = 0.03) individuals. Higher grip strength was statistically significantly associated with fewer retrospective memory complaints (b = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.19, p = 0.04). Conclusions: The present study provides some suggestive evidence that ICH (inconsistent handedness) and greater grip strength are associated with fewer retrospective memory complaints. However, we did not observe any evidence of an interaction effect of handedness and grip strength on memory, and similarly, biological sex did not interact with these parameters to influence memory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handedness, Grip Strength, and Memory Function: Considerations by Biological Sex

et al. 2019

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“…This was highlighted in a recent evaluation of subjective versus objective performance measures. In a sample of 217 adults, four times as large as the original validation study, no relationship was observed between the SAM and AM (Clark & Maguire, 2020). Armson et al (2020) reported an association between SAM-episodic and episodic event details recalled by participants one week after a staged audio tour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We looked specifically at the relationship between the SAM and the subcategory of internal place details in case the association was specific to place details. We also inspected associations with internal perceptual detailswhich include information about spatial orientationsince SAM-spatial has largely been validated with performance on spatial navigation tasks (Clark & Maguire, 2020;Selarka et al, 2019). Finally, we hypothesized that external detail variables would positively relate to SAM-semantic since semantic details comprise the majority of external details on the AI (Levine et al, 2002;Bastin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Associations With Autobiographical Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performancebased measures of fluid cognition were used to examine divergent validity. Self-report measures of personality and social cognition were used to determine the extent to which associations were attributable to method variance alone (Clark and Maguire, 2020). The stability of the SAM was evaluated by comparing internal consistency and validity results for each age cohort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Troubled past: A critical psychometric assessment of the self-report Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM)

et al. 2021

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The Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM) was designed as an easy-to-administer measure of self-perceived autobiographical memory (AM) recollection capacity. We provide a comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the SAM in younger and older adults. First, we evaluated the reliability of the SAM as a measure of self-perceived recollective capacity. Next, we tested whether the SAM was a valid measure of episodic and autobiographical memory performance, as assessed with widely used performance-based measures. Finally, we investigated associations between the SAM, cognitive measures and self-reported assessments of psychological functioning. The SAM demonstrated reliability as a self-report measure of perceived recollective capacity. High internal consistency was observed across subscales, with the exception of SAM-semantic. Evidence for independence among the subscales was mixed: SAM-episodic and SAM-semantic items showed poor correspondence with respective subscales. Good correspondence was observed between the future and spatial items and their SAM subscales. The SAM showed limited associations with AM performance as measured by the Autobiographical Interview (AI), yet was broadly associated with self-reported AI event vividness. SAM scores were weakly associated with performance-based memory measures and were ageinvariant, inconsistent with known age effects on declarative memory. Converging evidence indicated that SAM-episodic and SAM-semantic subscales are not independent and should not be interpreted as specific measures of episodic or semantic memory. The SAM was robustly associated with self-efficacy, suggesting an association with confidence in domain general self-report abilities. We urge caution in the use and interpretation of the SAM as a measure of AM, pending revision and further psychometric validation.

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“…Furthermore, participants were asked to assess their ability to construct vivid mental images on a Likert scale from 1 to 6 where 1 referred to the ability create detail-rich mental images and 6 referred to the lack of visual imagery. This procedure was adapted from Clark et al (59).…”

Section: Autobiographical Memory and Visual Imagery Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal subfields and their neocortical interactions during autobiographical memory

Leelaarporn

Dalton

Stirnberg

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Recent advances in ultra-high field 7 Tesla magnet resonance imaging (7T MRI) have provided unprecedented opportunities to gain insights into the brain mechanisms supporting human cognition. The hippocampus, a heterogeneous brain structure comprising several smaller subfields has been firmly established to play a central role during vivid re-experiencing of autobiographical memories (AM). However, due to technical limitations inherent to MRI investigations of the hippocampus, how hippocampal subfields differentially support AM and how hippocampal subfields functionally connect with other brain regions typically associated with AM retrieval remains elusive. To tackle this knowledge gap, we leveraged technical advances of parallel imaging and employed a customized Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) sequence at 0.9 mm isotropic voxel size over the whole brain while participants re-experienced vivid, detail-rich AM. In addition, we developed a processing pipeline that allows the examination of differential activation of hippocampal subfields in single subject space as well as hippocampal-neocortical interactions at a group level. We found that all hippocampal subfields were engaged during AM retrieval but that one specific hippocampal subfield, the pre/parasubiculum, contributed over and above the other subfields to AM retrieval. Moreover, functional connectivity analyses revealed that the pre/parasubiculum was the only hippocampal subfield that strongly connected to other brain regions typically associated with AM, such as ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and medial/lateral parietal regions. Our results support recent proposals that the pre/parasubiculum may play an essential role in cognitive tasks that rely heavily on visual imagery, such as the vivid re-experience of personal past events.

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Do questionnaires reflect their purported cognitive functions?

Cited by 6 publications

References 71 publications

Handedness, Grip Strength, and Memory Function: Considerations by Biological Sex

Handedness, Grip Strength, and Memory Function: Considerations by Biological Sex

Troubled past: A critical psychometric assessment of the self-report Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM)

Hippocampal subfields and their neocortical interactions during autobiographical memory

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