Public …nances worldwide have been severely hit by the late 2000s Great Recession, stimulating the debate on the consequences of growing …scal imbalances. This paper focuses on the USA, Germany and Italy over the 1983-2009 period and studies the e¤ects of government debt accumulation on long-term interest rates in a common trends framework. The results show that sustained debt accumulation leads to higher long-term interest rates and steep yield curves in Germany and Italy, but not in the USA. There is also evidence of cyclical cross-country linkages, mainly between Italy and the USA.