Do regular sea urchins show preference in which part of the body they orient forward in their walk?

Yoshimura, Kazuya; Iketani, Tomoaki; Motokawa, Tatsuo

doi:10.1007/s00227-011-1874-5

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This may allow echinoderms to interact with the environment in all directions (Yoshimura et al 2012 ), although bilateral tendencies in locomotion are also reported . The major nerves are the circumoral nerve ring around the esophagus and the radial nerves along the ambulacra.…”

Section: Introduction the Echinoderm Body Planmentioning

confidence: 97%

Echinodermata

Arnone

Byrne

Martinez

2015

Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 6

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Section: Introduction the Echinoderm Body Planmentioning

confidence: 97%

Echinodermata

Arnone

Byrne

Martinez

2015

Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 6

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“…Jennings suggested that such a phenomenon, if found in a "higher animal", would be considered as a display of memory. Yoshimura and colleagues' work (Yoshimura et al, 2012(Yoshimura et al, , 2018, described in more detail later, amply confirm Jennings' observations in a species of sea urchins, but these 21 st -century works did not cite Jennings (1907).…”

Section: Learning In Echinodermsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Movement of starfish furnished another suggestion of associative learning (Jennings, 1907), a form of directional memory, as it was called a century later (Yoshimura et al, 2012;Yoshimura et al, 2018). A starfish that moves in a particular direction typically heads off again with the same leading arm after an interruption.…”

Section: Learning In Echinodermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned earlier, a phenomenon suggesting memory was discovered by Jennings (1907) in the movements of starfish. Now called directional memory, this phenomenon was investigated in the 21 st century by Yoshimura et al (2012Yoshimura et al ( , 2018, testing sea urchins Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. The sea urchins were placed in the center of a square aquarium and allowed to travel until they reached an edge (Yoshimura et al, 2012).…”

Section: Learning In Echinodermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroecology beyond the brain: learning in Echinodermata

Freas

Chen

2021

Learn Behav

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We propose an expansion of neuroecological comparisons to include the capabilities of brainless and non-neural organisms. We begin this enterprise by conducting a systematic search for studies on learning in echinoderms. Echinodermata are marine invertebrates comprising starfish, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, and sea lilies. Animals in this phylum lack any centralized brain and instead possess diffuse neural networks known as nerve nets. The learning abilities of these animals are of particular interest as, within the bilaterian clade, they are close evolutionary neighbors to chordates, a phylum whose members exhibit complex feats in learning and contain highly specialized brains. The learning capacities and limitations of echinoderms can inform the evolution of nervous systems and learning in Bilateria. We find evidence of both non-associative and associative learning (in the form of classical conditioning) in echinoderms, which was primarily focused on starfish. Additional evidence of learning is documented in brittle stars, sand dollars, and sea urchins. We then discuss the evolutionary significance of learning capabilities without a brain, the presence of embodied cognition across multiple groups, and compare the learning present in echinoderms with the impressive cognitive abilities documented in the oldest linage group within vertebrates (the major group within the phylum of chordates), fish. KeywordsStarfish • Sea urchin • Fish • Brittle star • Embodied cognition • Nerve net "Echinoderms have been called the strangest animals on Earth … Starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, and sea lilies … are built like nothing else on the planet." (P. Holland, 2011, p.70) * Ken Cheng

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“…Most of them have focused on some regular echinoids and asteroids. Sea urchins appear to have no Anterior/Posterior axis of symmetry when crawling in an open space (Parker, 1936;Grabowsky, 1994;Yoshimura & Motokawa, 2008Yoshimura, Iketani, & Motokawa, 2012). Similarly, Preyer (1887, as cited in Cole, 1913) conducted some experiments with ophiuroids (Ophiomyxa sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotion and righting behavior of sea stars: a study case on the bat star Asterina stellifera (Asterinidae)

Meretta

Rezende-Ventura

2021

Rev. Biol. Trop.

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Introduction: The locomotion behavior of an organism involves the integration of aspects like body symmetry, sensory and locomotor systems. Furthermore, various ecological factors seem to be related to locomotion characteristics, such as foraging strategy, migration trends, response to predators and competitors, and environmental stress. Objective: To analyze locomotion and the influence of body symmetry in the crawling and righting movements of the sea star Asterina stellifera. Methods: We carried out laboratory experiments in aquariums in the presence/absence of water current and on a horizontal and vertical surface. Results: The speed is similar to speed in other species of similar size. Both the speed and linearity of displacement were independent of individual body size. A water current leads to faster crawling and straight paths, but there is no rheotaxis: streams do not affect locomotion. Speed and linearity of displacement were independent of individual body size. The displacement pattern described here may be an adaptation of organisms that present dense populations in communities with high prey abundance, as is the case of A. stellifera. Conclusions: Like other asteroids, this species did not show an Anterior/Posterior plane of symmetry during locomotion, or righting movement: it does not tend to bilaterality.

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Do regular sea urchins show preference in which part of the body they orient forward in their walk?

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Echinodermata

Echinodermata

Neuroecology beyond the brain: learning in Echinodermata

Locomotion and righting behavior of sea stars: a study case on the bat star Asterina stellifera (Asterinidae)

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