Do You Have “Connections” at the Courthouse? An Original Survey on Informal Influence and Judicial Rulings in Morocco

Buehler, Matt

doi:10.1177/1065912916662358

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Such services have come to be expected from MPs by their constituents, as is common in many developing contexts. Across the Arab world, preferential access to government services, benefits, and employment is often governed by personal networks, often referred to as wasta (Buehler, 2016). Colloquially, wasta is dubbed "vitamin wow" being such a necessary part of life that it is likened to an essential nutritional supplement, with the word "wow" serving as a double entendre being both the name of the first letter of the word wasta in Arabic and the English word for a sensational success.…”

Section: The Socio-political Context Of Jordanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electoral Institutions and Identity Based Clientelism in Jordan

Kao

2022

Political Research Quarterly

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In contexts where social cleavages are universally salient, how can political alliances across social identity groups be forged? A wealth of research examines the effects of either electoral rules or social identity on electoral behavior, but the interplay between these two factors is understudied. This article leverages original datasets of tribal voting coalitions, parliamentarian constituent casework logs, and a national survey in Jordan to demonstrate how institutions interact with social identity to shape distributive politics. Within single non-transferable vote districts (SNTV), representatives win their seats based on tribal support and practice tribal favoritism in service provision. On the contrary, elected officials in single member plurality districts (SMDs) cobble together more diverse coalitions to win their seats and distribute state benefits more evenly between in-group and out-group members. Bolstering these findings, data from a 2014 nationwide survey show that a history of having tribal connections with parliamentarians’ augments voter turnout in SNTV districts, whereas it has no relationship with voter turnout in SMDs. This article offers an understanding of why politicians build electoral coalitions and distribute clientelistic benefits within or across social identity groups with important implications for the consideration of electoral institutional design in developing countries.

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Section: The Socio-political Context Of Jordanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electoral Institutions and Identity Based Clientelism in Jordan

Kao

2022

Political Research Quarterly

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“…Wasta is defined as “ a form of favoritism that provides individuals with advantages not because of merit or right but because of who they know ” (Mohamed and Mohamad, 2011, p. 412). There is little research on wasta despite its critical role in understanding business success (Berger et al , 2014, p. 461), internationalization processes (Al-Ramahi, 2008), Arabic culture (Hutchings and Weir, 2006a; Velez-Calle et al , 2015) and the legal system[2] (Buehler, 2016).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabic business relationship characteristics: a social capital perspective

Shaikh

Purchase

Brush

2019

JBIM

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the development of social capital in an Arab business environment, and provide an in-depth description of the nature and role of three key Arabic business relationship characteristics (ehsan, et-moone and wasta), their impact on each other and key influencing factors. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research design was used, in which face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with innovation teams (22 team members) at six industrial small and medium-sized enterprises in Saudi Arabia. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, then analyzed (thematic coding) through NVivo. Findings The findings suggest that wasta, ehsan and et-moone align closely with the three social capital dimensions (structural, cognitive and relational); thus, developing these three relationship characteristics most likely results in developing social capital. The findings also expand the description of the three business relationship characteristics. Moreover, ehsan, et-moone and wasta appear to influence each other, and are affected by other factors such as an individual’s age and position, and the duration of the relationship. Ehsan has a positive influence on the development of et-moone, while the existence of et-moone appears to be necessary for the establishment of wasta-capital. A high level of ehsan might influence the relationship between et-moone and wasta-use and limit the negative usage of wasta. Practical implications International managers can improve the level of ehsan in their organizational and business relationships through assigning incentives and playing the role of moral champion to encourage ehsan behavior. Managers aiming to increase et-moone may choose team members with a high level of ehsan, emphasizing the development of personal relationships, and providing opportunities for socialization both inside and outside the workplace. A high level of ehsan and et-moone will assist managers to develop and use wasta. Originality/value This study makes a threefold contribution to the literature. First, it provides an expanded description of the three Arabic business relationship characteristics and how they align closely with the dimensions of social capital. Wasta aligns with the structural dimension and ehsan aligns with the cognitive dimension, while et-moone aligns closely with the relational dimension. Second, it suggests and shows how the three relationship characteristics might interact with each other. Ehsan appears to influence et-moone, and also the relationship between et-moone and wasta. Et-moone appears to have a positive influence on wasta use. Third, the findings also indicate that there might be other factors (e.g. age and position) that influence the interactions between the three business relationship characteristics.

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“…En sociedades con alta calidad del gobierno, donde las instituciones públicas proporcionan servicios con imparcialidad, los ciudadanos que han sido víctimas de un delito pueden satisfacer las necesidades de acceso a servicios de salud y sociales y de acceso a la justicia por medio de los canales institucionales. Mientras que donde las instituciones del Estado son parciales o corruptas los ciudadanos que han sido victimizados buscan resolver sus necesidades mediante formas particularistas de acceso (Buehler, 2016) debido a que tienen bajos niveles de confianza en las instituciones y de confianza interpersonal generalizada. Rothstein & Teorell (2008) conceptualizan la calidad del gobierno como imparcialidad en el ejercicio del poder público, lo cual consiste en que, al implementar leyes y políticas, los funcionarios del gobierno no deben tener en cuenta nada sobre el ciudadano/caso que no se encuentre estipulado en la política o la ley.…”

Section: Calidad Del Gobierno Y Participación Política Particularistaunclassified

Calidad del gobierno, victimización delictiva y participación política particularista en América Latina

Armesto¹

2018

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concentrado en la participación cívica, partidista y electoral, pero ha ignorado las formas particularistas. En contextos de baja imparcialidad y alta corrupción de las instituciones del Estado, las víctimas tienen incentivos para recurrir al contacto directo con funcionarios públicos para acceder a la justicia y a servicios sociales. En este artículo se analizan datos de encuestas nacionales recogidos en 2012 en dieciocho países de América Latina por el Barómetro de las Américas, y se muestra una relación positiva entre victimización y participación política particularistas, la cual es moderada por la imparcialidad de las instituciones del Estado.

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Do You Have “Connections” at the Courthouse? An Original Survey on Informal Influence and Judicial Rulings in Morocco

Cited by 16 publications

References 69 publications

Electoral Institutions and Identity Based Clientelism in Jordan

Electoral Institutions and Identity Based Clientelism in Jordan

Arabic business relationship characteristics: a social capital perspective

Calidad del gobierno, victimización delictiva y participación política particularista en América Latina

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