Doenças micóticas em gatos no Rio Grande do Sul

Castro, Neusa Barbosa; Rolim, Verônica Machado; Nascimento, Lismara Castro do; Silveira, Amaro Francisco Viero; Argenta, Fernando Froner; Ferreiro, Laerte; Driemeier, David; Sonne, Luciana

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2017001100019

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The increased volume of the popliteal lymph nodes observed in the physical examination may be a nonspecific alteration, because although lymphadenomegaly is present in Cryptococcus spp., infections, the lymph nodes that are usually affected are the mandibular lymph nodes [3]. Hematological and biochemical findings were also non-specific in this study, as has been reported by Marcasso et al [9] who described cryptococcosis in dogs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Nevertheless, due to the macroscopic characteristics observed, rhinosporidiosis and histoplasmosis were considered as differential diagnosis. The literature indicates that other diseases may also be considered as differential diagnosis, such as coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, neoplasias [9,10], such as squamous cell carcinoma [3,4]. The observed similarity between the lesions present in these different diseases can lead to underdiagnoses of cryptococcosis in the clinical setting [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptococcosis in a Cat

Guedes

Oliveira

Santos

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Cryptococcosis is a mycosis that primarily affects domestic cats and is caused by fungi of the genus Cryptococcus, resulting in cutaneous, ocular, respiratory, and neurological manifestations. Diagnosis is based on the microscopic evaluation of the lesions and isolation of the causative agent. The aim of this study was to describe a case of feline cryptococcosis diagnosed by cytology and treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Santa Cruz (HV-UESC). Case:A 5-year-old uncastrated male cat was taken to the HV-UESC small animal clinic, owing to a gradual increase in the volume of the nasal plane spanning over a year, accompanied by respiratory distress. Upon physical examination, the animal was found to have regular nutritional status, dehydration, hypocorous mucosae, and enlarged popliteal lymph nodes. In addition, multifocal areas of ulceration on the body as well as increased volume in the nasal plane (clown nose) were observed. Peripheral blood samples were collected for complete blood count and biochemical analysis. Due to clinical suspicion of fungal lesions, fine needle aspiration of the nasal lesion was performed and cytological slides were sent to the HV-UESC histopathology laboratory. Probable diagnoses included rhinosporidiosis, cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis. The animal was subjected to thoracic radiography in the imaging division of the HV-UESC. Blood counts revealed thrombocytopenia (130,000/mm3) and biochemical tests presented hypoproteinemia (3.2 g/dL), with hypoalbuminemia (1.52 g/dL); however, chest radiography did not show pulmonary alterations. Results of cytological analysis indicated pyogranulomatous inflammation associated with intracellular organisms, demonstrating a pathogen morphology similar to that of Cryptococcus spp. Before the diagnosis, itraconazole 5 mg/kg (1 capsule, twice a day for 30 days) and fipronil (1 ampoule 0.5 mL, on the back) were prescribed. Follow-up after 40 days showed a slight improvement in cutaneous lesions and respiration, and no other abnormalities were observed. At the follow-up, the owner disclosed that medication could not be administered at the prescribed frequency because of the animal often ran away from home and stayed without prescription. Due to unsatisfactory response to the first treatment, the dosage of itraconazole1 was increased to 10 mg/kg (1 capsule, twice a day, for 30 days) with a new regimen and follow-up after 15 days. However, the owner did not make a follow-up visit. A year later, after several attempts to contact the owner, we were notified that the treatment had been discontinued and the cat still presents with lesions. Discussion: Although cryptococcosis is not endemic, the cat roamed freely on the streets and may have been infected by inhaling the microorganism spores present in the environment. The clinical signs exhibited by the animal were consistent with the findings associated with Cryptococcus spp. infection in cats, especially the "clown nose" lesion. The cat, besides being dehydrated at the time of care, had a regular nutritional status. Cytology, the only diagnostic technique used in this case through which it was possible to visually identify the fungus, was definitive for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. Although the prescribed treatment is one of the most indicated in such cases, it was not effective, possibly due to inadequate administration. The length of infection, discontinuation of therapy, and absence of follow-ups for clinical reassessment certainly contributed to an unfavorable prognosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcosis in a Cat

Guedes

Oliveira

Santos

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Um apresentando feridas ulceradas em cabeça, pescoço, região periorbital, comissura labial e membros, e outro apresentando lesão em dígito do membro pélvico esquerdo. Já em estudo retrospectivo de doenças micóticas em gatos realizado por Castro et al (2017), em 13 gatos com criptococose confirmada, oito apresentaram sinais clínicos cutâneos como nódulos, ulcerações e exsudação serossanguinolenta, esta última compatível com o conteúdo do abscesso da paciente relatada.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A dificuldade na formulação de um diagnóstico sugestivo de criptococose pode estar diretamente associada à presença de sinais clínicos inespecíficos, diversidade na sua apresentação clínica e distribuição das lesões (Pereira et al, 2013;Trindade et al, 2008) como observado em outros trabalhos (Castro et al, 2017;Galiza et al, 2014). Em estudo realizado por Galiza et al (2014), somente em dois de seis gatos houve suspeita clínica de criptococose.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A infecção ocorre no trato respiratório, podendo se disseminar por via hematógena (Castellá et al, 2008;Miller et al, 2013;Pereira et al, 2013) para o encéfalo, olhos, pele e outros órgãos (Queiroz, 2008). Os sinais clínicos são variados e muitas vezes inespecíficos (Castro et al, 2017). Espirros, secreção nasal uni ou bilateral, lesões granulomatosas e deformidade facial são frequentes.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Cytopathological diagnosis of cryptococcosis in a cat: Case report

Calesso¹,

Oliveira²,

Jacob³

et al. 2019

Pubvet

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Resumo. O objetivo do trabalho foi relatar um caso de criptococose cutânea e nasal em uma gata, adulta, que apresentava neoformação firme em região cefálica, aderida, não alopecia e não ulcerada, a qual provocava assimetria facial, associada a presença discreta de secreção nasal mucoide unilateral. As infecções micóticas podem ser classificadas quanto ao local da lesão em cutâneas, subcutâneas e sistêmicas. A espécie felina é altamente suscetível a diversas infecções fúngicas, dentre elas, a criptococose. A criptococose é cerca de sete a dez vezes mais comuns em gatos do que em cães e os sinais clínicos são variados e inespecíficos, uma vez que pode acometer sistema respiratório, tegumentar, ocular e sistema nervoso central. Seu diagnóstico baseia-se inicialmente nas informações obtidas na anamnese e ao exame físico e pode ser confirmado por diversos métodos, como exame citológico, cultura microbiológica, exame histopatológico ou através de técnicas moleculares. O diagnóstico da paciente deste estudo se firmou por meio de exame citopatológico da neoformação, que revelou a presença de numerosas formas leveduriformes encapsuladas compatíveis com microrganismos do gênero Cryptococcus. A terapia instituída com sucesso foi o itraconazol na dose de 10 mg/kg por via oral a cada 24 horas durante 8 meses, sem ocorrência de recidivas até o momento. Apesar de não ser considerada uma antropozoonose, a criptococose merece atenção na clínica de animais de companhia, pois seu diagnóstico é difícil, e frequentemente se dá apenas por achados post mortem. Além disso, se não tratada eficazmente o prognóstico é desfavorável, podendo levar o paciente a óbito.

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