Does a Study Focused on Trauma Encourage Patients With Psychotic Symptoms to Seek Treatment?

Amsel, Lawrence; Hunter, Noel; Kim, San; Fodor, Kinga Edit; Markowitz, John C.

doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201100251

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There is evidence that focusing on trauma engages people with a psychotic disorder in research, and that trauma-informed interventions might be particularly attractive to newly diagnosed youth in need of services (Amsel et al, 2012). Addressing trauma identified by instruments such as the TEC could have clinical relevance, as the presence of childhood trauma appears to raise the possibility of post-psychosis posttraumatic stress disorder (Bendall et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring trauma and stressful events in childhood and adolescence among patients with first-episode psychosis: Initial factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Trauma Experiences Checklist

Cristofaro

Cleary

Wan

et al. 2013

Psychiatry Research

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Past trauma and stressful events, especially in childhood and adolescence, are common among individuals with serious mental illnesses like schizophrenia. Traumatic experiences are thought to be a socio-environmental risk factor not only for poorer outcomes, but also potentially for the onset of these disorders. Because improved measurement tools are needed, we developed and studied, among 205 first-episode psychosis patients, the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and initial validity of the Trauma Experiences Checklist (TEC), our measure of trauma and stressful events during childhood/adolescence. We assessed validity of subscales using correlations with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Parental Harsh Discipline, Violence Exposure, and TEC-Informant Version scores. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in two internally consistent subscales (Cronbach’s =0.79 and 0.80, respectively), interpersonal abuse and family stress, and violence, death, and legal involvement. Scores from the former subscale were substantially associated with CTQ-SF physical, emotional, and sexual abuse (r=0.42–0.57, all p<0.001) and Violence Exposure (r=0.49, p<0.001). On the other hand, violence, death, and legal involvement scores were most highly correlated with Violence Exposure (r=0.49, p<0.001), and not with most CTQ-SF subscales. The TEC is a potentially useful tool in assessing diverse traumatic life events across various social contexts during childhood and adolescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring trauma and stressful events in childhood and adolescence among patients with first-episode psychosis: Initial factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Trauma Experiences Checklist

Cristofaro

Cleary

Wan

et al. 2013

Psychiatry Research

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“…Potential subjects telephoned research assistants for brief, semi-structured phone screens (30). Screen-eligible individuals attended clinical interviews with research psychiatrists.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Exposure Necessary? A Randomized Clinical Trial of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for PTSD

Markowitz¹,

Petkova²,

Neria³

et al. 2015

AJP

Self Cite

298

214

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Background Exposure to trauma reminders has been considered imperative in psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No treatment benefits all patients, however. We tested Interpersonal Psychotherapy, which has demonstrated antidepressant efficacy and showed promise in pilot PTSD research, as a non-exposure-based, non-cognitive behavioral PTSD treatment. Methods A randomized, fourteen-week trial compared Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Prolonged Exposure, an exposure-based exemplar; and Relaxation Therapy, an active control psychotherapy. Subjects were 110 unmedicated patients having DSM-IV chronic PTSD and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) score >50. Randomization stratified for comorbid major depression. We hypothesized Interpersonal Psychotherapy would be no more than minimally inferior (CAPS difference <12.5 points) to Prolonged Exposure. Results All therapies had large within-group pre/post effect sizes (d=1.32–1.88). Response rates (>30% CAPS improvement) were: Interpersonal Psychotherapy 63%, Prolonged Exposure 47%, Relaxation Therapy 38% (n.s.). Interpersonal psychotherapy and Prolonged Exposure CAPS outcome differed by 5.5 points (n.s.); the null hypothesis of more than minimal Interpersonal Psychotherapy inferiority was rejected (p=0.035). Patients with comorbid major depression dropped out from Prolonged Exposure nine times more than non-depressed Prolonged Exposure patients. Interpersonal Psychotherapy and Prolonged Exposure improved quality of life and social functioning more than Relaxation Therapy. Conclusions This first controlled study of individual Interpersonal Psychotherapy for PTSD demonstrated non-inferiority to the “gold standard” PTSD treatment. Interpersonal Psychotherapy had (non-significantly) lower attrition and higher response rates than Prolonged Exposure. Contradicting a widespread clinical belief, PTSD treatment may not require cognitive behavioral exposure to trauma reminders. Moreover, as differential therapeutics, patients with comorbid major depression may fare better in Interpersonal Psychotherapy than Prolonged Exposure.

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Suffering Is Human

Hunter

2018

Trauma and Madness in Mental Health Services

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Does a Study Focused on Trauma Encourage Patients With Psychotic Symptoms to Seek Treatment?

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Measuring trauma and stressful events in childhood and adolescence among patients with first-episode psychosis: Initial factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Trauma Experiences Checklist

Measuring trauma and stressful events in childhood and adolescence among patients with first-episode psychosis: Initial factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Trauma Experiences Checklist

Is Exposure Necessary? A Randomized Clinical Trial of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for PTSD

Suffering Is Human

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