Does adequate financing exist for adaptation in developing countries?

Abstract

■ outlook: insight Irrespective of mitigation efforts, adaptation measures will be needed in most parts of the world. The greatest challenge will be for developing countries. The estimated needs for adaptation funding in developing countries are considered in the context of the status and 'delivery' of the current financing efforts made under the UN regime and the anticipated Adaptation Fund. A considerable gap exists between the actual (as well as projected) supply of funding and estimated adaptation needs. A number of alternative financial mechanisms are suggested to close the gap between estimated needs and actual delivery. Indépendamment des efforts de mitigation, des mesures d'adaptation seront nécessaires dans la plupart des parties du monde. Le plus grand défi sera pour les pays en développement. Les besoins en financement pour l'adaptation estimés pour les pays en développement sont examinés dans le contexte de l'état des efforts actuels en financement et leur « attribution » sous le régime des Nations Unies et leFonds pour l'Adaptation attendu. Il y a un écart important entre l'approvisionnement actuel (et anticipé) en fonds et le besoin estimé pour l'adaptation. Plusieurs mécanismes financiers possibles sont proposés pour combler l'écart entre les besoins estimés et l'attribution réelle.

Characterizing loss and damage from climate change

“…When it comes to social and financial protection tools, in Fiji the Government's pro-poor initiatives are not well targeted, often not reaching poor households (SOPAC, 2009). Meanwhile, a considerable gap exists between the actual supply of funding and the estimated funding needs for adaptation (Flam and Skaerseth, 2009). With regard to sovereign funds in the Pacific, evidence shows that the sovereign funds' effectiveness has been hampered by a lack of integration into the budget and institutional weaknesses, while inadequate control of these factors, together with weak asset management, has sometimes led to substantial financial losses and undermined fiscal policy (Le Borgne and Medas, 2007).…”

Climate change adaptation and the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF): Qualitative insights from policy implementation in the Asia-Pacific

“…As noted earlier, the fund has leveraged more than $900 million. This created what R78 called Bhuge gap^between funding amounts and needs, with an estimated $10 to $100 billion in annual funding needed to prepare all developing countries for climate change (Flam and Skjaerseth 2009). (We say Bestimated^because such calculations are always tentative).…”

Exploring Development Futures in a Changing Climate: Frontiers for Development Policy and Practice

“…Although there are now more than 12 established international adaptation funds governed by multilateral and bilateral organisations (Lemos and Boyd, 2009), the funding committed so far is likely to fall far short of what is needed. The hopes of many development practitioners are now pinned on the Adaptation Fund, which derives funds through a 2% levy on the Clean Development Mechanism (Ayers, 2009;Müller, 2008;Flåm and Skjaerseth, 2009). In 2007 approximately US$279 m. had been pledged for adaptation -just half the amount estimated to be required, which is estimated at US$60-80 bn per annum (Stern, 2009).…”