No abstract

■ outlook: insight Irrespective of mitigation efforts, adaptation measures will be needed in most parts of the world. The greatest challenge will be for developing countries. The estimated needs for adaptation funding in developing countries are considered in the context of the status and 'delivery' of the current financing efforts made under the UN regime and the anticipated Adaptation Fund. A considerable gap exists between the actual (as well as projected) supply of funding and estimated adaptation needs. A number of alternative financial mechanisms are suggested to close the gap between estimated needs and actual delivery. Indépendamment des efforts de mitigation, des mesures d'adaptation seront nécessaires dans la plupart des parties du monde. Le plus grand défi sera pour les pays en développement. Les besoins en financement pour l'adaptation estimés pour les pays en développement sont examinés dans le contexte de l'état des efforts actuels en financement et leur « attribution » sous le régime des Nations Unies et leFonds pour l'Adaptation attendu. Il y a un écart important entre l'approvisionnement actuel (et anticipé) en fonds et le besoin estimé pour l'adaptation. Plusieurs mécanismes financiers possibles sont proposés pour combler l'écart entre les besoins estimés et l'attribution réelle.

Cap, Climate policy, CDM, ETS, EU, JI, Kyoto Protocol, Linking, Project mechanisms,

This article investigates the 2008 reform of the EU's environmental state aid guidelines, with an eye to determining the degree of external pressure and lobbying towards environmental state aid policies. What is found is a strikingly low level of external pressure on the policy fi eld, not least on the part of the private sector. In fact, EU environmental state aid policy is largely the making of a few Commission offi cials, without much external 'interference'. The article discusses possible reasons for this, and asks whether state aid policy-making might be marked less by clear and established stakeholder interests or stakeholders' utility maximizing, and more by stakeholders constrained by bounded rationality.