Does Age at Observation Time Affect the Clinical Presentation of Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Vicini-Chilovi, Barbara; Riva, Maddalena; Conti, Marta Zaffira; Zanetti, Marina; Caratozzolo, Salvatore; Mombelli, Giulia; Bertoletti, Erik; Rozzini, Luca; Padovani, Alessandro

doi:10.1159/000318839

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…In other words, if many neuropsychological tests were used to evaluate EF domains, in addition to tests assessing other cognitive functions, data collection would take too long, resulting in high dropout rates and making it difficult to conduct research with a large sample. 41 , 46 However, important EF data is lost when some domains are not covered in a neuropsychological assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 , 4 Researchers seem to avoid using only one or two EF measures in order to ensure that most of the EF domains are covered. A few studies 23 , 32 , 41 , 44 , 46 ( Table 3 ) restricted the EF assessment to two tests, usually combining a flexibility, planning or inhibitory control test with a verbal fluency test, which is quick, easy-to-apply and sensitive for discriminating people with dementia, MCI and healthy older adults. 13 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The most frequently used tests for assessing executive functions in aging

Faria

Alves

Charchat‐Fichman

2015

Dement. neuropsychol.

110

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There are numerous neuropsychological tests for assessing executive functions in aging, which vary according to the different domains assessed.ObjectiveTo present a systematic review of the most frequently used instruments for assessing executive functions in older adults with different educational levels in clinical and experimental research.MethodsWe searched for articles published in the last five years, using the PubMed database with the following terms: "neuropsychological tests", "executive functions", and "mild cognitive impairment". There was no language restriction.Results25 articles fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. The seven neuropsychological tests most frequently used to evaluate executive functions in aging were:[1] Trail Making Test (TMT) Form B;[2] Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) - F, A and S;[3] VFT Animals category;[4] Clock Drawing Test (CDT);[5] Digits Forward and Backward subtests (WAIS-R or WAIS-III);[6] Stroop Test; and[7] Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and its variants. The domains of executive functions most frequently assessed were: mental flexibility, verbal fluency, planning, working memory, and inhibitory control.ConclusionThe study identified the tests and domains of executive functions most frequently used in the last five years by research groups worldwide to evaluate older adults. These results can direct future research and help build evaluation protocols for assessing executive functions, taking into account the different educational levels and socio-demographic profiles of older adults in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The most frequently used tests for assessing executive functions in aging

Faria

Alves

Charchat‐Fichman

2015

Dement. neuropsychol.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The association between serum SNTF elevations and the lasting effects of mTBI on cognitive performance is complex, with many tests failing to uncover any significant prognostic relationship. This issue is complicated by the well-established influences of subject intelligence level and degree of education on performance of a number of cognitive tests (39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67). When applying tests in which performance varies widely across cases independently of mTBI, it can be challenging to discern the long-lasting effects of the injury itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum SNTF, a Surrogate Marker of Axonal Injury, Is Prognostic for Lasting Brain Dysfunction in Mild TBI Treated in the Emergency Department

et al. 2020

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) causes persisting post-concussion syndrome for many patients without abnormalities on conventional neuroimaging. Currently, there is no method for identifying at-risk cases at an early stage for directing concussion management and treatment. SNTF is a calpain-derived N-terminal proteolytic fragment of spectrin (α II-spectrin1-1176) generated in damaged axons following mTBI. Preliminary human studies suggest that elevated blood SNTF on the day of mTBI correlates with white matter disruption and lasting brain dysfunction. Here, we further evaluated serum SNTF as a prognostic marker for persistent brain dysfunction in uncomplicated mTBI patients treated in a Level I trauma center emergency department. Compared with healthy controls (n = 40), serum SNTF increased by 92% within 24 h of mTBI (n = 95; p < 0.0001), and as a diagnostic marker exhibited 100% specificity and 37% sensitivity (AUC = 0.87). To determine whether the subset of mTBI cases positive for SNTF preferentially developed lasting brain dysfunction, serum levels on the day of mTBI were compared with multiple measures of brain performance at 90 days post-injury. Elevated serum SNTF correlated significantly with persistent impairments in cognition and sensory-motor integration, and predicted worse performance in each test on a case by case basis (AUC = 0.68 and 0.76, respectively). SNTF also predicted poorer recovery of cognitive stress function from 30 to 90 days (AUC = 0.79-0.90). These results suggest that serum SNTF, a surrogate marker for axonal injury after mTBI, may have potential for the rapid prognosis of lasting post-concussion syndrome and impaired functional recovery following CT-negative mTBI. They provide further evidence linking axonal injury to persisting brain dysfunction after uncomplicated mTBI. A SNTF blood test, either alone or combined with other markers of axonal injury, may have important utilities for research, prognosis, management and treatment of concussion.

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Modifiable Predictors of Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cooper¹,

Sommerlad²,

Lyketsos³

et al. 2015

AJP

447

314

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Objectives: Public health campaigns encouraging early help-seeking have increased rates of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) diagnosis in Western countries, but we know little about how to treat or prognosticate dementia outcomes in persons with MCI. Method: We searched electronic databases and references for longitudinal studies reporting potentially modifiable risk factors for incident dementia after MCI. Two authors independently evaluated study quality using a checklist. We meta-analysed findings from three or more studies. Results: We identified 76 eligible papers. Diabetes and prediabetes increased risk of conversion from amnestic MCI (aMCI) to Alzheimer's Dementia (AD); risk in treated versus untreated diabetes was lower in one study. Diabetes was also associated with increased risk of conversion from any type or non-amnestic MCI to all cause dementia. Metabolic syndrome and pre-diabetes predicted all cause dementia in people with aMCI and any type MCI respectively. Mediterranean diet decreased risk of conversion from aMCI to AD. Presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms or lower serum folate levels predicted conversion from any type MCI to all cause dementia, but less formal education did not. Depressive symptoms predicted conversion from any type MCI to dementia in epidemiological, but not clinical studies. Conclusions: Diabetes increased the risk of conversion to dementia. Other prognostic factors that are potentially manageable are pre-diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, neuropsychiatric symptoms and low dietary folate. Dietary interventions and interventions to reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms including depression, which increase conversion risk to dementia, may decrease incident dementia.

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Does Age at Observation Time Affect the Clinical Presentation of Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

The most frequently used tests for assessing executive functions in aging

The most frequently used tests for assessing executive functions in aging

Serum SNTF, a Surrogate Marker of Axonal Injury, Is Prognostic for Lasting Brain Dysfunction in Mild TBI Treated in the Emergency Department

Modifiable Predictors of Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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