The most frequently used tests for assessing executive functions in aging

Faria, Camila de Assis; Alves, Heloisa; Charchat‐Fichman, Helenice

doi:10.1590/1980-57642015dn92000009

Cited by 110 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…CDT is one of the seven neuropsychological tests most frequently used to assess cognitive functions in aging (Faria, Alves, & Charchat-Fichman, 2015). It was introduced in the early 20th century as an indicator of constructional apraxia (it is characterized by an inability or difficulty to build, assemble, or draw objects despite the patient's understanding of the task, the instructions, and his/her capabilities and willingness to complete it) (Guérin, Ska, & Belleville, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Older Adults for Signs of Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Clock Drawing Test vs.Mini-Mental State Examination

Ghavidel

Fadardi

Sedaghat

et al. 2017

PCP

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Objective: Mini-mental state examination, a nonspecific measure of global cognitive function, and the clock drawing test, a very concise and specific measure of cognitive function, are among the most widely used screening tests for cognitive dysfunction. The present research aimed to examine the correspondence between MMSE and CDT scores. Methods:A total of 70 older adults (mean(SD) age=69.70(6.41) y) were selected by convenience sampling method from two local health centers from the same civil servant area in Mashhad City, Iran. They completed MMSE and CDT tests. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were used for analyzing the data. Results:Results showed a significant correlation between CDT and MMSE total score. Also the older adults' performance on MMSE and CDT were significantly related to their level of education and gender, but not age. Conclusion:The correlation between the MMSE and CDT test scores was high. Although one test cannot be replaced for the other, the CDT is a simple test that can be used for fast initial screening of cognitive performance among the elderly.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Older Adults for Signs of Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Clock Drawing Test vs.Mini-Mental State Examination

Ghavidel

Fadardi

Sedaghat

et al. 2017

PCP

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“…The Trail Making Test helps in the evaluation of sustained and alternated attention, as well as of the individual's motor function. The accounting of errors was made from the third error made by nurses, as described in some studies (1,23,25) . It is worth noting that, in M2, the time of performance in Trail Making Test B presents variability and a greater asymmetry.…”

Section: About Cognitive Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive changes result in poor social interactions, and difficulty in working and carrying out selfcare activities. They interfere directly with the quality of life of individuals, and possibly also interfere with the quality of care provided by the nurse to the client (1)(2) . The term "stress" has been introduced from the areas of engineering and physics and has become popular in other areas because it is easily defined, manipulated, and measured.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is known that professionals of the nursing team, in order to perform their tasks, require concentration, and for that physical and psychological conditions should be in harmony. The level of stress they undergo during work hours becomes a predisposing factor for physical and psychological exhaustion (1,5) . Depressive conditions have the power to reduce cognition.…”

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Cognitive changes in nurses working in intensive care units

et al. 2018

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Objective: To measure the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression of nurses working in ICUs, relating them to levels of attention before and after 24 hours. Method: An observational, quantitative, analytical study with 18 nurses undergoing an inventory of stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as assessment of attention levels and psychomotor functioning. Results: Sixty-one percent showed positive for stress. Depression was observed in 33%; and anxiety in 99.9%. A strong correlation between stress and depression (ρ = 0.564 with p <0.05) and anxiety (ρ = 1 with p <0.05) was observed. There was a weak correlation between stress and task execution time in M2 (ρ = 0.055) for TMT A, a fact that did not occur in M0 (ρ = -0.249). Conclusion: The study shows that the workload of the nurses working in 24-hour shifts in the ICU is correlated with high levels of stress, decreases in the attention process, and psychomotor decline. Descriptors: Nurses; Psychomotor Performance; Intensive Care Unit; Cognition; Nursing Care. RESUMO Objetivo: Medir os níveis de estresse, ansiedade, depressão dos enfermeiros que atuam em UTI, relacionando-os com os níveis de atenção do antes e após jornada de 24 horas. Método: Estudo observacional analítico, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 18 enfermeiros submetidos a um inventário de estresse, ansiedade e depressão, avaliação dos níveis de atenção e funcionamento psicomotor. Resultados: 61% possuem estresse positivo. Depressão foi verifi cada em 33%; de ansiedade, em 99,9%. Forte correlação entre estresse e depressão (ρ=0,564 com p<0,05) e ansiedade (ρ=1 com p<0,05). Correlação fraca entre estresse e o tempo de execução da tarefa em M2 (ρ = 0,055) para o TMT A, fato que não ocorreu em M0 (ρ=-0,249). Conclusão: O estudo mostra que a carga trabalho dos enfermeiros que atuam em UTI, em turnos de 24 horas, está correlacionada com a elevação dos níveis de estresse, diminuição do processo de atenção e declínio psicomotor. Descritores: Enfermeiros; Desempenho Psicomotor; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Cognição; Assistência de Enfermagem. RESUMENObjetivo: Medir los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en enfermeros actuantes en UTI, relacionándolos con los niveles de atención anteriores y posteriores a jornada de 24 horas. Método: Estudio observacional, analítico, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 18 enfermeros que completaron inventario de estrés, ansiedad y depresión; evaluación de niveles de atención y 74Cognitive changes in nurses working in intensive care units Machado DA, et al.

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“…Nesse sentido, a literatura na área das FE aponta, conforme a revisão realizada por Faria, Alves e Charchat-Fichman (2015), que diferentes instrumentos de avaliação neuropsicológica podem ser utilizados na avaliação das FE em adultos, destacando-se enquanto os de uso mais recorrente o Formulário de Teste de Trilha (TMT) B; o Teste de Fluência Verbal (VFT) -F, A e S; a Categoria de Animais de VFT; o Teste de Desenho do Relógio (CDT); os Subtítulos Digits Forward Backward (WAIS-R ou WAIS-III das Escalas Wechsler); o Teste de Stroop e o Teste de Classificação de Cartões de Wisconsin (WCST). Outra revisão também a respeito das FE, empreendida por Barros e Hazin (2013), revela, no que tange especificamente à avaliação das FE em crianças, que ocorreu um aumento da produção científica sobre o tema, considerando a importância dessas funções, bem como a relevância da avaliação precisa destas.…”

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Instrumentos de Avaliação das Funções Executivas: Revisão Sistemática dos Últimos Cinco Anos

Santana¹,

Melo²,

Minervino³

2019

Aval.Psicol.

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RESUMOA avaliação das Funções Executivas (FE) torna-se problemática pela inexistência de um consenso metodológico quanto ao protocolo de avaliação. Destarte, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática objetivando verificar quais instrumentos foram utilizados nacional e internacionalmente nos últimos cinco anos para a avaliação das FE. Analisaram-se 35 artigos publicados em inglês e português nas bases SciELO, INDEXPSI, LILACS, PePSIC e nos periódicos CAPES. Observou-se, em sua maioria, estudos de tipo comparativo, correlacional e de validação/adaptação de instrumentos, respectivamente. Os instrumentos mais utilizados foram: Teste Wisconsin de Classificação de Cartas, Teste das Trilhas, Escalas Wechsler e os Testes de Stroop. Verificou-se a falta de instrumentos que avaliem os domínios das FE simultaneamente e a demanda pela construção de novos instrumentos, especialmente voltados para crianças e adolescentes. Palavras-chave: função executiva; instrumentos; neuropsicologia. ABSTRACT -Instruments for the Evaluation of Executive Functions: Systematic Review of the Previous Five Years The evaluation of executive functions (EF) is problematic due to the lack of methodological consensus regarding the evaluation protocol. Therefore, a systematic review was carried aiming to verify which instruments have been used nationally and internationally for the evaluation of EF in the previous five years. A total of 35 articles, published in English or Portuguese, in the SciELO, INDEXPSI, LILACS, PePSIC and CAPES periodicals databases were analyzed. Comparative studies were mainly found, followed by correlational and instrument validation/adaptation studies. The most used instruments were the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, Trail Making Test, Wechsler Scales and Stroop Tests. A lack of instruments that evaluate the EF domains simultaneously was verified, as well as a need for the construction of new instruments, particularly directed toward children and adolescents. Keywords: executive functions; neuropsychological instruments; neuropsychology. RESUMEN -Instrumentos de Evaluación de Funciones Ejecutivas: Revisión Sistemática de los últimos Cinco años La evaluación de las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) se vuelve problemática por la inexistencia de un consenso metodológico encuanto al protocolo de evaluación. Por lo tanto, se realizó una revisión sistemática com el objetivo de verificar qué instrumentos se utilizaron nacional e internacionalmente en los últimos cinco años para la evaluación de las FE. Se analizaron 35 artículos publicados en inglés y português en las bases SciELO, INDEXPSI, LILACS, PePSIC y en los periódicos CAPES. Se observó, en la mayoría, estudios de tipo comparativo, correlacional y de validación/adaptación de instrumentos, respectivamente. Los instrumentos más utilizados fueron: Prueba Wisconsin de clasificación de cartas, Test del Trazo, Escalas Wechsler y las Pruebas de Stroop. Se verifico la falta de instrumentos que evalúen los ámbitos de las FE simultáneamente y la demanda por la construcción de instrumentos, especial...

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The most frequently used tests for assessing executive functions in aging

Cited by 110 publications

References 50 publications

Testing Older Adults for Signs of Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Clock Drawing Test vs.Mini-Mental State Examination

Testing Older Adults for Signs of Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Clock Drawing Test vs.Mini-Mental State Examination

Cognitive changes in nurses working in intensive care units

Instrumentos de Avaliação das Funções Executivas: Revisão Sistemática dos Últimos Cinco Anos

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