Does breastfeeding prevent the metabolic syndrome, or does the metabolic syndrome prevent breastfeeding?

Stuebe, Alison M.

doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.05.008

Cited by 56 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It is also believed that the metabolic health of a woman entering pregnancy may have an impact on the lactation outcomes. Therefore, low lactation efficiency may be a marker of future risk of maternal metabolic disease [46].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Perimenopausal Women

et al. 2020

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Little is known about the long-term benefits of breastfeeding for mother’s metabolic health. This study aimed to investigate the links between breastfeeding duration and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in perimenopausal women. The analysis included a group of 7621 women aged 55.4 ± 5.4 years. MetS and its components were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Women who breastfed for 13–18 months and beyond 18 months were at lower risk of MetS (odds ratio OR) = 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.95; p = 0.017 and OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.98; p = 0.030, respectively) than those who never breastfed. Meanwhile, women who breastfed for 7–12 months showed increased glucose concentration (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.63–0.94; p = 0.012) compared with those who had never breastfed. The additional analysis involving parity showed that women who had given birth to two babies and breastfed them had lower odds of MetS than those who never breastfed (p < 0.05), although there was no significant difference among women who breastfed for >18 months. Women who had given birth to at least three children and breastfed for 1–6 and 13–18 months had lower odds of MetS and increased triglyceride concentration (p < 0.05). Moreover, participants having breastfed for 1–6 months were found to have a reduced risk of abdominal obesity compared with those who had not breastfed (p < 0.05). Breastfeeding is associated with lower prevalence of MetS in perimenopausal women and can be recommended as a way of reducing the risk of MetS and its components.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Perimenopausal Women

et al. 2020

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“…Studies are needed to establish whether human milk lipids have an antimicrobial effect in the offspring and whether they play a role in the development of the infant microbiome. To date very little is known about the contents of breast milk from women with diabetes [48, 49]. Compared with breastfed infants, the diversity of the genus Bifidobacterium was found to be decreased in formula-fed infants [50] and this was associated with increased adiposity at 18 months [27].…”

Section: Maternal Diet and Infant Breastfeeding Shapes The Microbial mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial transmission from mothers with obesity or diabetes to infants: an innovative opportunity to interrupt a vicious cycle

et al. 2016

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Maternal obesity and diabetes dramatically increase the long-term risk for obesity in the next generation, and pregnancy and lactation may be critical periods at which to aim primary prevention to break the obesity cycle. It is becoming increasingly clear that the gut microbiome in newborns and infants plays a significant role in gut health and therefore child development. Alteration of the early infant gut microbiome has been correlated with the development of childhood obesity and autoimmune conditions, including asthma, allergies and, more recently, type 1 diabetes. This is likely to be due to complex interactions between mode of delivery, antibiotic use, maternal diet, components of breastfeeding and a network of regulatory events involving both the innate and adaptive immune systems within the infant host. Each of these factors are critical for informing microbiome development and can affect immune signalling, toxin release and metabolic signals, including short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, that regulate appetite, metabolism and inflammation. In several randomised controlled trials, probiotics have been administered with the aim of targeting the microbiome during pregnancy to improve maternal and infant health but the findings have often been confounded by mode of delivery, antibiotic use, ethnicity, infant sex, maternal health and length of exposure. Understanding how nutritional exposure, including breast milk, affects the assembly and development of both maternal and infant microbial communities may help to identify targeted interventions during pregnancy and in infants born to mothers with obesity or diabetes to slow the transmission of obesity risk to the next generation. The aim of this review is to discuss influences on infant microbiota colonisation and the mechanism(s) underlying how alterations due to maternal obesity and diabetes may lead to increased risk of childhood obesity.

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“…Women who breastfeed are typically less likely to smoke (60, 78) and more likely to eat five or more servings of fruit and vegetables daily (60). Although many of the studies described in this review controlled for many of these demographic factors and some of the lifestyle behaviors, there may still be residual confounding that explains the maternal health benefits associated with lactation (69). …”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactation and Maternal Cardio-Metabolic Health

2016

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Researchers hypothesize that pregnancy and lactation are part of a continuum, with lactation meant to “reset” the adverse metabolic profile that develops as a part of normal pregnancy, and that when lactation does not occur, women maintain an elevated risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. Several large prospective and retrospective studies, mostly from the United States and other industrialized countries, have examined the associations between lactation and cardio-metabolic outcomes. Less evidence exists regarding an association of lactation with maternal postpartum weight status and dyslipidemia, whereas more evidence exists for an association with diabetes, hypertension, and subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease.

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Does breastfeeding prevent the metabolic syndrome, or does the metabolic syndrome prevent breastfeeding?

Cited by 56 publications

References 58 publications

Breastfeeding and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Perimenopausal Women

Breastfeeding and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Perimenopausal Women

Microbial transmission from mothers with obesity or diabetes to infants: an innovative opportunity to interrupt a vicious cycle

Lactation and Maternal Cardio-Metabolic Health

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