Does CCL19 act as a double-edged sword in cancer development?

Abstract

Cancer is considered a life-threatening disease, and several factors are involved in its development. Chemokines are small proteins that physiologically exert pivotal roles in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The imbalance or dysregulation of chemokines has contributed to the development of several diseases, especially cancer. CCL19 is one of the homeostatic chemokines that is abundantly expressed in the thymus and lymph nodes. This chemokine, which primarily regulates immune cell trafficking, is involved in cancer development. Through the induction of anti-tumor immune responses and inhibition of angiogenesis, CCL19 exerts tumor-suppressive functions. In contrast, CCL19 also acts as a tumor-supportive factor by inducing inflammation, cell growth, and metastasis. Moreover, CCL19 dysregulation in several cancers, including colorectal, breast, pancreatic, and lung cancers, has been considered a tumor biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Using CCL19-based therapeutic approaches has also been proposed to overcome cancer development. This review will shed more light on the multifarious function of CCL19 in cancer and elucidate its application in diagnosis, prognosis, and even therapy. It is expected that the study of CCL19 in cancer might be promising to broaden our knowledge of cancer development and might introduce novel approaches in cancer management.

CC chemokine receptor 7 promotes macrophage recruitment and induces M2-polarization through CC chemokine ligand 19&21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…CCL19 and CCL21 are two natural ligands of CCR7 that widely exist in lymphoid organs and immune cells [ 46 ], and have been validated to be produced in large quantities by CCR7 high-expressed OSCC cell lines PCI-4B and PCI-37B [ 39 ]. Several recent studies have pointed to a strong association between CCL19&21 and cancer progression [ 64 , 65 ]. In fact, earlier researchers have highlighted the indispensable roles CCL19 and CCL21 played in attracting TAMs.…”

A Mouse Model of Damp-Heat Syndrome in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Impact on Pancreatic Tumor Growth

“…Another study identified that CCL11 was primarily expressed by α-SMA+ fibroblasts in the tumor tissue of PC patients and was involved in an enhanced stromal reaction ( 21 ). CCL19 was proposed to be a double-edged sword in cancer ( 22 ). High expression of CCL19 was associated with a favorable prognosis in PC, which was attributed to its chemotactic role in immune cells ( 23 ).…”

Evaluation of IL-17 and IL-35 in patients with giardiasis in Thi-Qar province, Iraq

“…Furthermore, Choi and his colleagues discovered that IL-35 suppresses inflammation by inducing Treg cells and suppressing Th1 and Th17 cells [ 29 – 34 ]. These findings support Dong and Yang's (2015) findings that IL-35 is involved in various chronic inflammatory illnesses and parasitic/bacterial infections when inhibitory cytokines are present [ 35 – 40 ].…”