Does childhood meat eating contribute to sex differences in risk factors for ischaemic heart disease in a developing population?

Heys, Michelle; Jiang, Chaoqiang; Cheng, Kar Keung; Zhang, Weisen; Lam, Tai Hing; Leung, Gabriel M.; Schooling, CM

doi:10.1136/jech.2009.099143

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Their childhood in China spanned the mid-20 th century when living standards were low, and diet was very limited with no fast food and little trans fat [35,36]. More frequent meat eating in our population almost certainly represents a less limited diet, which is consistent with the taller height and earlier age of menarche amongst those with more frequent recalled childhood meat eating [27,28]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Childhood meat eating and inflammatory markers: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

et al. 2011

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BackgroundWe hypothesized that socio-economic development could, via nutritionally driven levels of pubertal sex-steroids, promote a pro-inflammatory state among men but not women in developing countries. We tested this hypothesis, using recalled childhood meat eating as a proxy for childhood nutrition, in southern China.MethodsWe used multivariable linear regression in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study phase 3 (2006-8) to examine the adjusted associations of recalled childhood meat eating, <1/week (n = 5,023), about once per week (n = 3,592) and almost daily (n = 1,252), with white blood cell count and its differentials among older (≥50 years) men (n = 2,498) and women (n = 7,369).ResultsAdjusted for age, childhood socio-economic position, education and smoking, childhood meat eating had sex-specific associations with white blood cell count and lymphocyte count, but not granulocyte count. Men with childhood meat eating almost daily compared to <1/week had higher white blood cell count (0.33 109/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10 to 0.56) and higher lymphocyte count (0.16 109/L, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.25). Adjustment for obesity slightly attenuated these associations.ConclusionIf confirmed, this hypothesis implies that economic development and the associated improvements in nutrition at puberty may be less beneficial among men than women; consistent with the widening sex differentials in life expectancy with economic development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Childhood meat eating and inflammatory markers: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

et al. 2011

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“…hormone status). This was the case in 11 articles [ 51 , 53 , 58 , 63 , 66 – 71 , 83 ] for gender and in 5 articles [ 54 , 55 , 60 , 62 , 81 ] for both sex and gender. In 21 articles [ 50 , 52 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 64 , 65 , 72 – 80 , 82 , 84 – 86 ] sex/gender was operationalised as male/female only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In 32 out of 37 articles, sex/gender-related aspects were explicitly named among the research aims, which can be grouped as follows: (1) investigation of the relationships between gender (inequalities) and health [ 50 , 58 , 62 , 67 , 69 , 75 ]; (2) analysis of sex and/or gender differences [ 51 , 52 , 54 – 56 , 59 , 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 78 , 83 , 86 ]; (3) effect modification analysis by sex/gender [ 53 , 61 , 76 ]; (4) investigation of sex/gender-based origins of health outcomes [ 57 , 60 , 63 , 73 , 77 , 80 , 81 , 84 , 85 ]; and (5) exploration of gender bias [ 82 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examples of sex/gender sensitivity in epidemiological research: results of an evaluation of original articles published in JECH 2006–2014

Jahn

Börnhorst

Günther

et al. 2017

Health Res Policy Sys

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BackgroundDuring the last decades, sex and gender biases have been identified in various areas of biomedical and public health research, leading to compromised validity of research findings. As a response, methodological requirements were developed but these are rarely translated into research practice. The aim of this study is to provide good practice examples of sex/gender sensitive health research.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of research articles published in JECH between 2006 and 2014. An instrument was constructed to evaluate sex/gender sensitivity in four stages of the research process (background, study design, statistical analysis, discussion).ResultsIn total, 37 articles covering diverse topics were included. Thereof, 22 were evaluated as good practice example in at least one stage; two articles achieved highest ratings across all stages. Good examples of the background referred to available knowledge on sex/gender differences and sex/gender informed theoretical frameworks. Related to the study design, good examples calculated sample sizes to be able to detect sex/gender differences, selected sex/gender sensitive outcome/exposure indicators, or chose different cut-off values for male and female participants. Good examples of statistical analyses used interaction terms with sex/gender or different shapes of the estimated relationship for men and women. Examples of good discussions interpreted their findings related to social and biological explanatory models or questioned the statistical methods used to detect sex/gender differences.ConclusionsThe identified good practice examples may inspire researchers to critically reflect on the relevance of sex/gender issues of their studies and help them to translate methodological recommendations of sex/gender sensitivity into research practice.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12961-017-0174-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Once per day. These variables were only available for the phase 3 participants and were reported in details elsewhere [ 27 ].…”

Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Passive Smoking Exposure and Age at Menarche in Chinese Women Who Had Never Smoked: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

Yang

Jin

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveWe examined the associations between childhood passive smoking exposure and age at menarche in women who had never smoked in southern China.MethodsAmong 30,518 participants in Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS) from 2003-2008, 20,061 women who had never smoked and had complete outcome data were included. Childhood passive smoking exposure was defined as living with 1 or more smokers in the same household during childhood. Data on the number of smokers in the household and frequency of exposure (density and frequency) were also obtained. Age at menarche was measured as a continuous variable.Results11,379 (56.7%) participants were exposed to passive smoking during childhood. Compared to those with no passive smoking exposure during childhood, those with exposure ≥5 days/week had menarche 0.19 year (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.25) earlier on average. Those exposed to more than two smokers had menarche 0.38 year earlier (95% CI: 0.29-0.47). Childhood exposure was associated with early age at menarche (≤13 vs. >13 years), with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.21-1.48) for high density, and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.09-1.26) for high frequency of exposure.ConclusionChildhood passive smoking exposure was associated with earlier age at menarche, with a dose-response relationship in Chinese women who had never smoked. If causal, the results support the promotion of smoking cessation in families with children, particularly young girls.

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Does childhood meat eating contribute to sex differences in risk factors for ischaemic heart disease in a developing population?

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Childhood meat eating and inflammatory markers: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

Childhood meat eating and inflammatory markers: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

Examples of sex/gender sensitivity in epidemiological research: results of an evaluation of original articles published in JECH 2006–2014

Childhood Passive Smoking Exposure and Age at Menarche in Chinese Women Who Had Never Smoked: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

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