“Does climate change influence conflicts? Evidence for the Cameroonian regions”

Climate change and livestock production in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Effects and transmission channels

“…We designate by CC it our climate variables composed of VAT it and VAP it representing, respectively, the variation in mean temperature and mean precipitation obtained by calculating the standard deviations of monthly temperature and precipitation (Ateba et al., 2023). This is a set of georeferenced data from the Climate Change Knowledge Portail (CCKP, 2021) corresponding to a set of global meteorological data.…”

“…Second, the empirical literature on climate change issues recognize the superiority of two‐way fixed‐effects panel data models over fixed‐effects models. Indeed, two‐way fixed‐effects models, in addition to solving the problem of omitting variables, solves unobserved heterogeneity problems between individuals in the panel (Ateba et al., 2023; Emediegwu et al., 2023; Maystadt & Ecker, 2014; Weezel, 2020).…”

“…warming between 1991 and 2021 was greater than that of 0.2°C on average per decade that occurred during the period between 1961 and 1990. At the same time, above-normal rainfall prevailed in the Sahel region, the Rift Valley, the central Nile basin, Northeast Africa, the Kalahari Basin, and the lower Congo River, while dry conditions prevailed along the southeastern part of the continent, in Madagascar, on the northern coast of the Gulf of Guinea and in northwestern Africa (WMO, 2020). From the point of view of the literature, extreme drought and unfavorable climatic conditions have effects on economic growth (Kalkuhl & Wenz, 2020;Smith & Ubilava, 2017), mortality (Emediegwu & Ubabukoh, 2023) and conflicts (Ateba et al, 2023;Koubi, 2019;Harari & Ferrara, 2018).…”

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration and the Driving Mechanism over Equatorial Africa Using Satellite and Reanalysis-Based Observation

“…The Atlantic Ocean is located to the west, and the Indian Ocean is located to the east. The EQA falls under the sub-regional blocs, namely, West Africa (WAF) in 20°W-20°E, 0°-28°N [42][43][44], East Africa (EAF: 34°-42°E, 5°S-5°N [45][46][47]), and Central Africa (CEF: 5°-35°E, 15°S-15°N [48][49][50]) as defined in [51]. The WAF experiences the West African Monsoon (WAM), and the EAF experiences the East African Monsoon (EAMS), characterized by convective precipitation and high temperatures.…”